摘要
为明确灌水定额对覆膜滴灌大田春玉米根系空间分布和籽粒产量的影响,在山西太谷进行了2年的覆膜滴灌大田玉米随机区组实验,设置灌水定额处理分别为0,8,12,16和20 mm,研究不同灌水定额对其0～100 cm土层深度的根系分布特征参数和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:整体根系分布特征参数随灌水定额增大而增大,并在灌水20 mm时达到最大,其中对根长、根表面积、根尖数和根干质量的影响极显著,对根体积和根直径的影响显著;0～100 cm土层中根长的垂直分布呈现"介"型,其中10～20 cm土层的根长最大,2016年和2017年分别占总根长的47. 29%～60. 28%和48. 29%～62. 30%;根干质量分布为"T"型,0～20 cm土层内根干质量最重,2016年和2017年分别占总根干质量的72. 03%～85. 48%和71. 50%～84. 97%;籽粒产量随灌水定额增大而增大,但灌水16 mm和20 mm处理无明显差异。总之,覆膜滴灌措施明显促进玉米表层土壤的根系生长和提高了籽粒产量,推荐山西中部地区大田覆膜滴灌玉米的最佳灌水定额为16 mm。
[ Background ]The Loess Plateau is drought and water shortage. There are many researches on water-saving effect of drip irrigation with mulch, which could accurately irrigate plants. However, the effect of mulched drip irrigation on root and yield of spring corn is very few.[ Methods ]The randomized block experiment was conducted for 2 years in Taigu, Shanxi. The irrigation quota treatments were set up to 0, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mm respectively. The effects of different irrigation quota on the root distribution parameters of the soil depth from 0 to 100 cm and grain yield were studied. The sampling of root distribution included integral excavation and stratified, WinRHIZO analyzed the distribution parameters of root system, and the grain yield was dried by air. Data were processed by Microsoft Excel 2007,SPSS 20.0 software for significance test and Pearson correlation analysis. SigmaPlot 12.5 was plotted.[ Results ]The distribution characteristic parameters of the whole root system increased with the increase of the irrigation quota, and reached the maximum in the irrigation 20 mm. The root length, the root surface area, the root tip number and the root dry weight were very significant, and the root volume and root diameter were significant. The vertical distribution of root length in the 10-20 cm soil layer was the largest, account for 47.29%-60.28% and 48.29%-62.30% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The root dry weight distribution in the 0-20 cm soil layer was the heaviest, account for 72.03%-85.48% and 71.50%-84.97% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The grain yield increased with the irrigation quota increasing, but there was no obvious difference in treatment irrigation quota of 16 mm and 20 mm.[ Conclusions ]The plastic mulching drip irrigation measures obviously promote the root growth of the soil surface soil and grain yield. The best irrigation quota of mulched drip irrigation in the central area of Shanxi is recommended to be 16 mm.
作者
马金平
王卫锋
朱宝才
王双喜
MA Jinping;WANG Weifeng;ZHU Baocai;WANG Shuangxi(College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801,Taigu, Shanxi, China;College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801,Taigu, Shanxi, China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期64-70,共7页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
山西省煤基重点科技攻关项目设施蔬菜高效固碳技术研究与示范(FT2014-02)
山西农业大学引进人才博士科研启动项目"文峪河上游典型河岸林的氮磷滤除效应及机制研究"(2013YJ18)
关键词
覆膜
滴灌
春玉米
根系分布
产量
plastic mulch
drip irrigation
spring corn
distribution of root system
yield
