摘要
随着自动驾驶汽车在中国以及世界范围内的测验、上路,由此引发的交通事故的刑事责任问题引起关注。根据国际汽车工程师学会(SAE)自动驾驶汽车分级标准,第4等级和第5等级的自动汽车已经没有传统的"驾驶员"概念,因而陷入"控制权困境"。就自动驾驶汽车引发事故而言,仍可追究汽车使用者、制造者等的责任。真正棘手的是,自动驾驶汽车的自律性和突发性特征所引发的归责难题,如何合理的分担风险,避免过小或者过大的归责,被允许的危险法理,被认为是有用性最高的理论;此外,也有人提出"数码人"的概念,赋予机器人责任主体资格。
With the testing of self-driving vehicles and putting them into operation in China and other countries,the determination of the criminal liability in the traffic accidents involving such vehicles is beginning to attract wide attention in the public as well as among academics.According to the criteria for the identification and classification of self-driving vehicles adopted by SAE(Society of Automotive Engineers),automatic vehicles at levels 4 and 5 do not require a human driver at all,thus causing“control dilemma”,i.e.difficulty in determining who controls the vehicle when an accident happens.As far as the accident caused by such vehicles is concerned,the liability should be assigned to such people as the user and producer of the vehicle.What is the real challenge is that the lack of self-discipline of self-driving vehicles and the unexpectedness of the accidents they cause will make it hard to assign the liability:in particular,how we can appropriately determine the responsibility,avoid under-or over-assignment of the liability,and whether the legal notion of permissible risks and the theory of utility being the ultimate criterion are applicable here.To resolve such a dilemma,the notion of“digital person”has been proposed,assigning the subject status to the robots that operate the vehicles.
出处
《法治现代化研究》
2019年第1期95-108,共14页
Law and Modernization
关键词
自动驾驶汽车
控制权困境
使用者责任
制造者责任
自律性
self-driving vehicles
control dilemma
user responsibility
producer responsibility
self-discipline
