摘要
滦河流域地处农牧交错地带,其中的七个国家级贫困县既是满、蒙传统游牧民族聚居区,又属典型的生态贫困区。滦河流域是以山地为主的河源区,为京津唐等城市的水源区,其畜牧业在农业经济中占较大比例,生产方式依然较为粗放。而历史上由于清代陪都建设、近代人口迁徙、殖民化经济、水环境问题与流域牧业退化,加上"PPE怪圈"与复合型贫困的加剧,对该地区生态造成较大破坏。对此,借鉴国际国内经验,并结合学理分析结果,建议适度恢复河运可以使河运与优秀传统生态文明意识的重塑、"自下而上"的反贫困内力的培育、京津绿色生态腹地构建结合起来,从而从根源上实现绿色治贫。
The Luanhe River basin is located in an area where agriculture and animal husbandry intersect.In 2017,seven counties in the basin were recognized as national poverty-stricken counties;they are Wuyuan,Pingquan,Luanping,Longhua,Fengning,Weichang,and Kuancheng.It is worth noting that Chengde city is the center of the basin,and the counties fan out to the north,northwest and northeast.The area where the seven counties are located has the following ecological characteristics:1)It is a typical river source area,located at north latitude 40°17′-42°40′,dominated by mountains.Not only do the tributaries of the Luanhe river system mostly derive from there,but some tributaries of the Chaobai River system and the Liaohe River system also originate from there.2)It is the water source for the urban areas of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan.The Miyun reservoir is the largest source of drinking water for Beijing,and its upstream tributaries are located in the same river source area as the Luanhe River.Tianjin and Tangshan divert water across the river basin via the Luanhe River Diversion Project,and the reservoirs in the basin are concentrated in six of the seven poor counties,excepting Longhua;3)Manchu and the Mongolians are concentrated in this area.Its geographical location and history make it an important settlement of the Manchu.Weichang,Fengning and Kuancheng are Manchu autonomous counties,and there are several Manchu townships,Mongolian townships and Hui townships in Luanping county.Up to now,the mode of production in this area is still extensive(agriculture),and animal husbandry accounts for a large proportion.The natural ecology of the river basin is fragile.Once the ecologicalresources are reduced or human consumption increases,the balance between supply and demand might be broken,and this can easily lead to ecological poverty:1)The construction of a secondary capital and the short-term upheaval during the Qing dynasty resulted in serious ecological consequences.Modern day population migration and a colonial economy also
作者
张慧芝
刘月
Zhang Huizhi;Liu Yue(School of Marxism,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin,300401,Hebei,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期11-17,98-100,共8页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
2016年河北省社科项目"内河航运与区域脱贫:基于滦河流域贫困地区的考察"(项目编号:HB16LS013)资助
