摘要
提升生态系统自我修复能力和生态系统质量是中国“十四五”时期推动绿色发展的重要内容,但部分县域仍面临生态负担沉重和环境持续恶化等问题,对乡村振兴和县域可持续发展造成困扰。文章基于县域生态贫困形成机理和环境现状,创新性地将污染排放和环境自净能力为代表的“生态负担”引入到生态贫困测度中,运用A-F方法全面测度了2002—2019年1730个县域的生态贫困水平和构成,同时借助演化树形象刻画了生态贫困的演化路径和方向。研究发现:①从时间上看,中国生态贫困经历了先加剧后减缓的过程;从空间分布上看,重度和极度生态贫困主要分布在西部地区,特别是新疆地区;东部地区则以轻度和中度生态贫困为主,同时绝大部分非生态贫困县也集中分布在东部。②从生态贫困结构来看,中国主要的生态贫困类型为负担贫困型和地貌贫困型。其中负担贫困型主要分布在华北地区和华东地区的北部,地貌贫困型集中分布在西南、华中和华南地区。③演化树分析发现,中国大部分地区的生态贫困在2011年后开始减缓,但部分省仍在持续加剧,且不同地区生态贫困加剧的原因也各不相同。根据生态贫困的未来演化方向,将30个省划分为优势维持区、优化发展区、强化治理区以及灵活应对区四种模式。根据研究结论,文章提出缓解县域生态贫困应从恢复生态入手,守住自然生态安全边界;同时完善生态保护和修复监管制度;健全生态保护补偿机制和市场激励制度,因地制宜推动县域经济社会发展全面绿色转型。
Improving the quality and self-repair capacity of the ecosystem is an important part of China’s green development during the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan period.However,some counties in China still face heavy ecological burdens and continued environmental degradation,which poses obstacles to their rural revitalization and sustainable development.Based on the formation mechanism of ecological poverty and the current situation of the environment,this article innovatively introduced the concept of‘ecological burden’represented by pollutant emissions and environmental self-repair capacity into the ecological poverty measurement system,and used the A-F method to comprehensively measure the level and composition of ecological poverty in 1730 counties from 2002 to 2019,while portraying the evolutionary path and direction of ecological poverty with the help of evolutionary trees.The results showed that:①In terms of time,China’s ecological poverty experienced a process of increasing and then decreasing.In terms of spatial distribution,cases of severe and extreme ecological poverty were mainly distributed in western China,especially Xinjiang.In China’s eastern region,there was mainly mild and moderate ecological poverty,while most of the non-ecological poverty counties were concentrated in China’s eastern region.②There are two main types of ecological poverty in China:burden poverty and landform poverty.The burden-poverty type was mainly distributed in northern China and the northern part of eastern China,while the landform-poverty type was concentrated in southwestern,central,and southern China.③Evolutionary tree analysis revealed that although ecological poverty began to decline in most regions of China after 2011,it continued to increase in some provinces.The reasons for the increase varied greatly from region to region.According to the future evolution direction of ecological poverty,30 provinces were divided into the advantage maintenance area,the optimized development area,the enhanced governance area,and
作者
李一花
李佳
LI Yihua;LI Jia(School of Economics,Shandong University,Jinan Shandong 250100,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期164-172,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
山东省自然科学基金项目“中国环境事权划分研究”(批准号:ZR2019MG039)
山东省社科重点项目“山东省重大风险防控研究”(批准号19BCXJ03)。
关键词
生态贫困
动态演化
生态负担
ecological poverty
dynamic evolution
ecological burden
