摘要
人类学有十分漫长而复杂的历史。现代人类学是在20世纪初随着一套科学方法的建立而获得发展的。从主要理论学派来看,现代人类学的主要思想资源来自三位思想家:卡尔·马克思、涂尔干和马克斯·韦伯。马克思强烈的批判精神对人类学研究具有相当独特的影响;涂尔干对于社会事实的认识、对集体意识的研究和对宗教起源的探讨促成了现代人类学对结构、仪式和象征世界的关注;韦伯对自然科学与社会科学在本质上差异性的强调,使后来的人类学家不仅仅重视科学的解释,更关照意义的阐释,从而影响了人们对于人类文化、社会行动及学科本身的基本看法和倾向,这在20世纪七八十年代的象征人类学和解释人类学中得到了精彩的应用和发展。
Anthropology has a long and complicated history,while the modem anthropology has developed on the basis of a set of scientific methods established in the early 20^th century.In terms of major theoretical school,the major ideological resources of the modem anthropology have come from three thinkers:Karl Max,Durkheim and Max Webb.The strong critical spirit of Karl Max exerted a unique influence on anthropological studies.Durkheim’s understanding of social facts,his studies of collective consciousness and his probe into the origin of the religion help to bring the focus of the modem anthropology on the structure,rituals and symbols of the human society.Max Webb5s emphasis on the essential differences between natural science and social science has made the later anthropologists not only attach importance to scientific explanation,but also keep an eye on elaboration of the meaning,thus affecting people’s basic opinions and tendencies about human culture,social actions and the discipline itself,which were brilliantly applied and developed in the symbolic anthropology and the interpretive anthropology in the 1970s and 1980s.
出处
《世界民族》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期11-20,共10页
Journal of World Peoples Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究项目"西北少数民族教育发展与西北民族社会治理研究"(项目编号:14JJD880007)的阶段性研究成果之一
