摘要
目的评估金华市婺城区大气PM2.5中金属元素污染的慢性健康风险。方法于2015—2017年在婺城区开展大气PM2.5采样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定样品中12种金属元素含量,并采用美国国家环境保护局推荐的环境健康风险评估“四步法”评估PM2.5中金属元素的慢性健康风险。结果婺城区2015—2017年PM2.5平均浓度为(53.42±26.95)μg/m^3,不同季节和年份PM2.5平均浓度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PM2.5中金属元素浓度的M(QR)为136.66(117.14)ng/m^3,其中铝、铅、锰、镉和硒浓度较高;2016—2017年,镉平均浓度均超过参考限值(5.00ng/m^3)。冬季PM2.5中金属元素浓度最高,M(QR)为175.12(132.45)ng/m^3;夏季最低,M(QR)为92.55(52.81)ng/m^3。PM2.5中9种金属元素对成人总非致癌健康风险系数(HQ)为2.90(>1),除镉外,砷、铍、镍、硒、汞、铝、锰和锑的HQ均<1;5种金属元素对成人总致癌风险R>10^-6,其中砷和镉的致癌风险R>10^-6,铍、铅和镍的致癌风险均R<10^-6。结论婺城区大气PM2.5中金属元素铝、铅、锰、镉和硒含量较高;其中镉的浓度超过参考限值,其非致癌风险和致癌风险均较高;砷的致癌风险较高。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and the chronic health risks of metals in fine particulate matter(PM2.5)of Wucheng District,Jinhua.Methods The PM2.5samples were collected in Wucheng District of Jinhua from the year2015to2017.Chromium(Cr),manganese(Mn),nickel(Ni),arsenic(As),selenium(Se),cadmium(Cd),antimony(Sb),lead(Pb),beryllium(Be),aluminum(Al),thallium(Tl)and mercury(Hg)were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The health risks of the metals were assessed based on the standard method recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency.Results From2015to2017,the average concentration of PM2.5in Wucheng District was(53.42±26.95)μg/m^3,and the average concentration of PM2.5in each season and each year were significantly different(P<0.05).The median(interquartile range)concentration of metal elements in PM2.5was136.66(117.14)ng/m^3,with higher concentration of Al,Pb,Mn,Cd and Se.From2016to2017,the average concentration of Cd exceeded the reference limit(5.00ng/m3).The median(interquartile range)concentration of metal elements in PM2.5in winter was175.12(132.45)ng/m^3,the highest,and in summer was92.55(52.81)ng/m^3,the lowest.The total hazard quotient(HQ)of nine kinds of metal elements in PM2.5was2.90;the HQ of As,Be,Ni,Se,Hg,Al,Mn and Sb were all less than1,except Cd.The total carcinogenic risk of five kinds of metal elements in PM2.5was more than10^-6,among which the carcinogenic risk of As and Cd were more than10^-6,and the carcinogenic risk of Be,Pb and Ni were less than10^-6.Conclusion The concentrations of Al,Pb,Mn,Cd and Se in PM2.5of Wucheng District were higher and the concentration of Cd exceeded the reference limit.The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of Cd were both higher,the carcinogenic risk of As was also higher.
作者
何晓庆
罗进斌
王祚懿
盛微
HE Xiao-qing;LUO Jin-bin;WANG Zuo-yi;SHENG Wei(Department of Environmental and Occupational Health,Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321002,China)
出处
《预防医学》
2019年第1期23-27,共5页
CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL
基金
浙江省科学技术厅重大科技专项重点社会发展项目(2014C03025)
金华市社会发展类研究项目(2015-3-069)
关键词
PM2.5
金属元素
致癌
风险评估
Fine particulate matter
Metal element
Carcinogenicity
Risk assessment
