摘要
为探讨新疆水稻高产与肥料高效利用协调的栽培技术,在新疆疏附县布拉克苏乡以常规粳稻新稻11为材料,设置当地习惯栽培(FP)和高产高效栽培(OPT)两种处理,比较分析不同栽培模式下水稻产量、肥料利用率和灌溉用水情况,并在木什乡用当地农家品种木什红米验证OPT处理的增产节水效果。试验结果显示,OPT处理下新稻11的产量为10.6 t/hm2,较FP处理提高30.7%;与FP处理相比,OPT处理的灌溉次数减少6次,减少24.1%,氮肥、磷肥和NPK肥料偏生产力分别提高113.8%、257.9%和94.3%。木什乡验证结果表明,OPT处理下水稻产量为3.0 t/hm^2,较FP处理提高44.3%;与FP处理相比,OPT处理的水稻氮、磷肥和NPK肥料偏生产力分别提高了136.1%、295.1%和112.3%,灌溉次数减少6次,减少27.3%。通过栽培技术的集成优化,可以同步提高新疆水稻的产量和肥料利用率,高产高效栽培模式(OPT)可在新疆水稻生产中进一步示范推广应用。
Field experiments were conducted to explore the integrated cultivation technique which could increase grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice in Bulakesu and Mushi townships of Shufu county in Xinjiang province.Using japonica rice variety Xindao 11 and a local red rice Mushihongmi as materials with 2 treatments:local farmer’s practice(FP)and optimized cultivation(OPT).The results showed that in Bulakesu township,compared to FP treatment,the grain yield of Xindao 11 was 10.6 t/hm^2 under OPT treatment,which was increased by 30.7%;the irrigation frequency was reduced 6 times,which was decreased by 24.1%;the partial factor productivity of N,P and total fertilizer were enhanced by 113.8%,257.9%and 94.3%,respectively.In Mushi township,compared to FP treatment,the grain yield of the red rice variety was 3.0 t/hm^2 under OPT treatment,which was increased by 44.3%;the irrigation frequency was reduced 6 times,which was decreased by 27.3%;the partial factor productivity of N,P and total fertilizer were enhanced by 136.1%,295.1%and 112.2%,respectively.Through the integrated optimization of cultivation techniques,the yield and fertilizer utilization rate of rice could be improved simultaneously,and the high yield and high efficiency cultivation model(OPT)could be further demonstrated and applied in Xinjiang.
作者
潘俊峰
钟旭华
约麦尔.艾麦提
黄农荣
巴拉提.巴克
刘彦卓
彭碧琳
梁开明
PAN Junfeng;ZHONG Xuhua;Yuemaier AIMAITI;HUANG Nongrong;Balati BAKE;LIU Yanzhuo;PENG Bilin;LIANG Kaiming(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding,Guangzhou 510640,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Shufu County,Shufu,Xinjiang 844100,China)
出处
《中国稻米》
2018年第6期21-25,共5页
China Rice
基金
广州市科技计划项目"新疆疏附县地方特色红米稻品种提纯复壮及优质高效栽培技术研究与应用"(2014Y2-00535)
广东省科技计划项目"新疆疏附县特色优质稻节水高产栽培技术集成与示范"(2016A020212010)
国家"863"计划"绿色超级稻‘两型’栽培技术集成与示范应用研究"(2014AA10A605-5)
水稻产业育繁推一体化科技服务平台建设项目(2013B040200042)
关键词
新疆
水稻
产量
养分利用效率
节水灌溉
Xinjiang
rice
grain yield
nutrient utilization efficiency
water saving irrigation
