摘要
【目的】针对干旱绿洲灌区覆膜玉米多年连作、水肥管理不合理、种植模式单一造成的资源利用效率低、环境污染等问题,研究水氮减投条件下一膜两年用少耕轮作对小麦产量形成的促进效应,为农田资源节约及高效利用生产技术研发提供依据。【方法】在甘肃省河西走廊朱王堡以一膜两年用少耕轮作(RT)小麦为研究对象,传统耕作小麦露地条播(CT)为参照,设2个灌水水平,包括传统灌水量减量20%水平(I_1)和传统灌水水平(I_2);3个施氮水平,包括传统施氮量减量40%(N_1)、传统施氮量减量20%(N_2)、传统施氮水平(N_3),在2016—2017两年内进行田间试验,以系统分析小麦生长规律和籽粒产量形成机制。【结果】小麦各生长和产量指标在试验年份之间无显著性差异。耕作方式对小麦生长速率有显著影响,一膜两年用少耕轮作小麦分别在拔节期、孕穗到开花期较传统耕作小麦露地条播提高8.5%、9.0%;灌水和施氮水平对一膜两年用少耕轮作小麦生长速率均无显著性影响。一膜两年用少耕轮作小麦平均叶面积指数比传统耕作小麦露地条播提高了13.9%;而减量灌水降低了小麦叶面积指数,I_1处理较I_2处理降低12.2%;施氮水平之间相比较,N_1处理小麦叶面积指数较N_2处理降低13.3%,N_2处理较N_3处理降低9.5%。在减量20%灌水水平下,一膜两年用少耕轮作小麦籽粒产量比传统耕作小麦露地条播平均增加9.1%;一膜两年用少耕轮作条件下,灌水和施氮水平对小麦籽粒产量均无显著影响;RTI_1N_2处理在两年试验中均获得最大籽粒产量,分别达到7 168 kg·hm^(-2)、7 537 kg·hm^(-2)。虽然减量灌水和减量施氮均使小麦生物产量有所降低,但收获指数在水、氮减投条件下均有提高,I_1处理较I_2处理小麦收获指数平均提高10.7%;减量20%灌水水平下,N_1处理与N_2处理小麦的收获指数分别较N_3处理提高了9.2%和7.1%。在减量2
【Objective】Continuous cropping is normally employed for maize cultivation with plastic film mulching in arid oasis irrigation regions.Lower resources use efficiency and residual film pollution usually result from unreasonable management of irrigation/N application and single planting pattern.The purpose of this study was to determine the enhanced effect of two years plastic film mulching with reduced tillage on grain formation of wheat with reduced amount of irrigation and N application,so as to provide the theoretical basis for exploiting of planting pattern with lower resources input and greater resources use efficiency.【Method】A field experiment was conducted at Zhuwangpu county,Hexi Corridor of Gansu province in 2016 and 2017.Two tillage patterns were designed as:Wheat planted with two years used plastic film mulch and no-tillage in the preceding fall(RT),wheat strip planted with conventional tillage and without mulching(CT).Wheat growth under two irrigation levels(The reduced 20%amount of traditional irrigation(I1),the amount of traditional irrigation(I2))and three nitrogen levels(The reduced 40%amount of traditional nitrogen application(N1),the reduced 20%amount of traditional nitrogen application(N2),and the amount of traditional nitrogen application(N3)).【Result】The significant difference of growth and yield was not observed between 2016 and 2017.Growth rate of wheat was enhanced by RT as 8.5%at jointing,as 9.0%from booting to flowering compared with that of CT;The growth rate of wheat was not significant difference between different irrigation levels or nitrogen application levels,respectively,in each growth stage.Average leaf area index(LAI)of RT was greater as 13.9%than that of CT.However,the LAI was decreased under reduced irrigation,the average LAI of the I1 was decreased by 12.2%than that of I2.LAI of wheat was also affected by nitrogen application level,the LAI of N1 was decreased by 13.3%than that of N2,and LAI of N2 was decreased by 13.3%than that of N3.Under I1 irrigation level,RT ha
作者
樊志龙
赵财
刘畅
于爱忠
殷文
胡发龙
柴强
FAN ZhiLong;ZHAO Cai;LIU Chang;YU AiZhong;YIN Wen;HU FaLong;CHAI Qiang(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第19期3651-3662,共12页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503125-3)
国家自然科学基金(31360323)
关键词
春小麦一膜两年用
轮作
光合产物运转
产量构成
水氮减投
spring wheat
two years used plastic mulch
crop rotation
translation of photosynthetic product
yield component
reduced irrigation and nitrogen application
