摘要
我们选取低山区开展石灰改良酸性土壤基础上马铃薯最佳养分试验。在pH4.1的土壤施用1500kg/ha生石灰条件下,以N180kg/ha、P2O590kg/ha和K2O150kg/ha为最佳施肥处理(OPT),研究生石灰改土效果以及氮磷钾肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明,试验条件下,在酸性土壤上施用生石灰将马铃薯产量由15028kg/ha提高到25790kg/ha,提高42%,取得明显的增产效果。在OPT基础上增加或减少肥料用量,产量下降。表明试验设计的最佳施肥量是合适的。进一步分析表明,由于钾钙间的拮抗作用,在施用生石灰改良土壤的同时,更要注重钾肥的施用才能充分满足马铃薯对钾的吸收。增施钾肥有助于增加大薯块的百分比,促进其蛋白质和淀粉合成,从而提高了马铃薯的商品性和营养品质。
A field experiment was conducted to investigate optimum rates of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with addition of lime for potato grown in acid soil in hilly and low altitude area.The optimal fertilizer rate(OPT)was designed as 180-90-150 kg N-P 2 O 5-K 2 O/ha plus lime at 1500 kg/ha in a soil of pH 4.1.Results showed addition of quick lime increased potato yield from 15028 kg/ha to 25790 kg/ha,or 42%of yield increase.The potato yield decreased as the fertilizer rate was either above or below the OPT rate,proving the OPT optimal in the area.Further analysis showed that due to the antagonistic relationship between K and Ca,additional K should be considered to meet demand of potato for K when using lime to neutralize soil acidity.Addition of K could help enhance the number of large-sized potato tubers,synthesis of protein and starch and improve both commercial and nutritional traits of potato.
作者
李伟
王帅
赵天中
江金明
Li Wei;Wang Shuai;Zhao Tianzhong;Jiang Jinming(ChongqingGeneral Station of Ag-Tech Extension Chongqing 401121;Fengdu Inspection and Monitor Station of Environmental Protection for Agro-ecology Chongqing Fengdu 408200)
