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工作场所作为学习环境:实现情境、实践与学习的联结——访国际知名工作场所学习专家史蒂芬·比利特教授 被引量:12

Workplace as the Learning Environment:Building the Connection of Situation,Practice and Learning——An Interview with Professor Stephen Billett
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摘要 从历史发展来看,学校作为学习环境一直是研究的主流。然而,随着工作场所对于员工技能开发的重要性越来越凸显,诸多研究者开始把兴趣点聚焦在工作场所,将其视为一种学习环境和个人学习的场所。史蒂芬·比利特教授基于多年的工作场所学习研究经验,积极倡导"工作场所是一种合法、有效的学习环境"。在这一理念下,工作场所能够帮助个体有效开发概念性知识、程序性知识和倾向性知识,从而开发工作所需的职业专长。在工作场所学习系统方面,实践课程、实践教学法与个人认识论共同推动个体学习的发生。相对于学校环境的教师教导,工作场所学习更多依赖于有经验员工的指导;相对于学校的学科知识,工作场所知识有两种(即规范和情境)存在于社会世界中,第三种知识则依赖于个体的经验建构;相对于教育机构的教学大纲,工作场所课程是一种沿着开发职业能力的活动逐步展开的路径;工作场所学习成果的认定应将职业规范知识和情境需求作为基础。针对当前国际上普遍存在的高校毕业生难以适应工作场所需求的问题,史蒂芬·比利特教授倡导将学生在工作场所或项目工作中的经验与学习计划融合起来。 Based on some years’experience in workplace learning research,Professor Stephen Billett,the internationally renowned expert in workplace learning,actively advocates that“workplace is the legal and effective learning environment”.According to this concept,the workplace can help individuals effectively develop conceptual knowledge,procedural knowledge and dispositional knowledge,and thus to develop the expertise required by the work.In the aspect of workplace learning system,practical curriculum,practical pedagogies and personal epistemologies jointly promote the occurrence of individual learning.Relative to the teachers’instruction in school environment,workplace learning relies more on the guidance of experienced employees.And relative to the subject knowledge of the school,two types of workplace knowledge(i.e.,the canonical and the situational)exist in the social world,while the third kind of knowledge depends on the experience construction of individuals.Relative to the syllabus of educational institutions,workplace curriculum is a pathway of activities through which occupational competence is incrementally developed.The identification of workplace learning outcomes should be based on professional canonical knowledge and situational needs.In view of the current problems in the international community that university graduates are difficult to adapt to the needs of the workplace,Stephen Billett advocates that students should integrate their experience in the workplace or project work with their earning plans.
作者 欧阳忠明 黄慧 OUYANG Zhongming;HUANG Hui
出处 《现代远程教育研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2018年第5期3-9,58,共8页 Modern Distance Education Research
基金 江西科技师范大学人文社科创新团队"成人学习与发展研究团队"(2016CXTD001) 江西科技师范大学人文社科拔尖人才计划
关键词 工作场所 学习环境 发展历程 价值认知 关键议题 Workplace Learning Environment Development Path Value Cognition Key Issue
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