摘要
针对主要应用于航天员模拟失重训练与低重力环境下的人体科学研究的低重力环境模拟方法,介绍了包括抛物线飞行、中性浮力水池、虚拟现实技术、悬吊式重力补偿系统以及新近出现的被动式外骨骼系统等在内的国内外模拟低重力环境主流方法的工作原理与利用这些方法开展的科学研究与工程应用,对这些方法的优缺点与适用条件进行了比较与分析。发现抛物线飞行的低重力模拟效果较好,但持续时间有限;中性浮力水池为低重力模拟训练提供了充足的空间,但液体阻力会影响训练的效果;虚拟现实技术无法提供对低重力的体感;气浮台与悬吊式重力补偿系统虽然能对航天员受到的重力进行补偿,但其结构对航天员的运动构成了一定的限制。提出研发低重力模拟功能完善、低重力模拟范围可调、多运动自由度、人机工效良好以及支持多人与人机协同训练的新一代低重力模拟系统,作为开展航天员低重力环境模拟训练和低重力人体运动生物力学实验研究的平台,以满足未来载人航天任务的需求。
The working principles,scientific researches and practical applications of main approa-ches of reduced gravity analog were introduced including the parabolic flight,the neutral buoyancy pool,the VR technology,the suspension gravity offload systems and the passive exoskeleton sys-tems.The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches were compared and analyzed.Parabolic flight could perfectly create the sense of reduced gravity but the duration time was limited.Neutral buoyancy pool could offer adequate training space but the resistance of fluid may negatively influence the training effects.VR technology could not offer the sense of reduced gravity.Air bearing floor and suspension system could offload the gravity of astronaut while their structure may restrict some degrees of freedom of astronauts.To satisfy the requirement of future manned space missions,pro-posals were made to develop the next generation reduced gravity simulator system with full reduced-gravity simulating function,adjustable reduced-gravity simulation,high degree of freedoms,out-standing ergonomic features and multi-manned and man-machine collaboration function as the plat-form for astronaut reduced gravity training and human biomechanics researches in reduced gravity.
作者
江一帆
乔兵
赵颖
JIANG Yifan;QIAO Bing;ZHAO Ying(College of Astronautics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Institute of Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai,Shanghai 201109,China)
出处
《载人航天》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期227-237,共11页
Manned Spaceflight
基金
南京航空航天大学研究生创新基地(实验室)开放基金(kfjj20161502)
关键词
低重力
航天员训练
被动外骨骼
载人航天
reduced gravity
astronaut training
passive exoskeleton
manned space engineering
