摘要
自改革开放以来,新中国的减贫实践先后经历了开发式扶贫和精准扶贫两个主要阶段,具有明显的"行政主导型"特征,遵循"发展主义"逻辑并取得了显著的减贫成效,预期到2020年现行标准下所有贫困人口将实现脱贫,绝对贫困完全消灭。2020年以后,中国将进入"后贫困时代",贫困主要表征为老人、妇女、儿童、残疾人等社会弱势人群的相对贫困,因老、因病、因学、因残等是主要致贫原因,行政主导下的"发展主义"减贫逻辑将会失效,"低水平保障+临时救助"的特殊主义济贫方式也无法解决致贫的根本性问题。"后贫困时代"的有效减贫必须转向"新发展主义"逻辑下的福利治理,在政府、市场和社会的"三手协奏"之下,通过普遍性的福利供给和完善的社会保障,构建起弱势贫困人群的正式和非正式社会支持网络,最终通过全面有效的社会保护达致贫困的根本性治理。
Since the reform and opening up of new China,the practice of poverty alleviation has experienced two main stages,including development poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation,which shows obvious‘‘executive-guided冶characteristics and follows the logic of“developmentalism冶with significant achievements in poverty alleviation.It is expected that by the end of 2020,all poverty-stricken people based on current standards will completely overcome poverty and absolute poverty will be totally eliminated.After 2020,China will step into the“post-poverty era”,the relative poverty is obvious and the vulnerable groups such as the elderly,women,children,the handicapped and so on will be the main poverty groups.Meanwhile,aging,illness,learning and disabilities will become the main causes of poverty,so that the executive-guided“developmentalism”poverty reduction logic will lose efficiency,and the particularism poverty relief approach of“low-level guarantee temporary help”will be unable to solve the fundamental problem of poverty causation.The effective poverty alleviation in the“post-poverty era”must be turned to welfare governance under the logic of“new developmentalism”.Under the“cooperation of three parties”of the government,market and society,a formal and informal social support network for vulnerable and disadvantaged groups shall be established through universal welfare provision as well as perfect social security so as to ultimately achieve fundamental poverty governance via comprehensive and effective social protection.
作者
万兰芳
向德平
WAN Lanfang;XIANG Deping(College of Law and Public Administration,Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)
出处
《河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期32-38,90,共8页
Journal of Hohai University：Philosophy and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA022)
国家重点社会科学研究重点项目(14AZD046)
湖北省人文社科研究基地三峡大学区域社会管理创新与发展研究中心项目(2016-SDSG-06)
三峡大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心项目(2017XZT08)
关键词
后贫困时代
行政主导
发展主义
新发展主义
福利治理
post-poverty era
executive guidance
developmentalism
new developmentalism
welfare governance
