摘要
A series of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids(ILs)were synthesized and employed as catalysts for the production of poly(isosorbide carbonate)(PIC)from diphenyl carbonate and isosorbide via a melt polycondensation process.The relationship between the anions of the ILs and the catalytic activities was investigated,and the readily‐prepared IL tetraethylammonium imidazolate(TEAI)was found to exhibit the highest catalytic activity.After optimizing the reaction conditions,a PIC with a weight‐average molecular weight(Mw)of25600g/mol was obtained,in conjunction with an isosorbide conversion of92%.As a means of modifying the molecular flexibility and thermal properties of the PIC,poly(aliphatic diol‐co‐isosorbide carbonate)s(PAIC)s were successfully synthesized,again using TEAI,and polymers with Mw values ranging from29000to112000g/mol were obtained.13C NMR analyses determined that the PAIC specimens had random microstructures,while differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that each of the PAICs were amorphous and had glass transition temperatures ranging from50to115°C.Thermogravimetric analyses found Td‐5%values ranging from316to332°C for these polymers.Based on these data,it is evident that the incorporation of linear or cyclohexane‐based diol repeating units changed the thermal properties of the PIC.
聚碳酸酯是一种性能优良的工程塑料,具有优异的透明性、绝缘性及无毒性等优点.目前实现大规模工业生产的是双酚A型聚碳酸酯,但是其生产原料双酚A具有毒性,限制了其应用.异山梨醇是一种生物基可再生单体,具有无毒、手性和刚性等特性,是双酚A的理想替代品.但是异山梨醇亲水性强,且羟基的活性低,导致碳酸二苯酯和异山梨醇通过熔融缩聚反应合成异山梨醇基聚碳酸酯(PIC)困难,因此选用合适的催化剂成为一个重要因素.目前报道的效果较好的催化剂是无机碱催化剂,这类催化剂催化活性差,容易引发副反应,在产品中残留影响产品质量.离子液体具有环境友好和阴阳离子可设计等优点,是无机碱催化剂的良好替代品.本文设计合成了六种季铵类的碱性离子液体(四乙铵二氰胺盐、四乙铵咪唑盐、四乙铵乳酸盐、四乙铵-1,2,4-三氮唑盐、四乙铵苯甲酸盐和四乙铵乙酸盐),用于催化熔融缩聚反应合成PIC.用核磁共振表征了PIC的结构,用凝胶色谱测定了PIC的分子量,通过对比PIC的重均分子量(Mw)和异山梨醇的转化率,研究了离子液体阴离子对催化剂活性的影响.发现催化活性不仅与离子液体的碱性强弱有关,还与离子液体阴离子的配位强度有关,催化效果最好的离子液体为四乙铵咪唑盐(TEAI).以TEAI为催化剂对合成PIC的条件进行了优化,得到的最优条件为:催化剂与异山梨醇的摩尔比为5×10^(-4),缩聚时间为5 h,缩聚温度为240 ℃.合成PIC的Mw为25600 g/mol,异山梨醇的转化率为92%.由于均聚物PIC分子链刚性大,导致PIC熔体粘度大,不利于聚合,为了降低PIC的刚性和提高分子量,在分子链中引入了柔性基团(脂肪族二醇)来合成共聚碳酸酯(PAIC).以TEAI为催化剂,异山梨醇和脂肪族二醇投料摩尔比为1:1,通过熔融缩聚反应合成了PAICs.利用~1H NMR和^(13)C NMR详细表征了PAICs化学组成和微观结构,发
基金
supported by the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and Development of China(2016YFB0600903)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91434107,21506226,21476245)
the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDY-SSW-JSC011)~~
