摘要
明清小冰期是中国气候的异常期,各种自然灾害频发。通过系统搜集、整理明清时期浙江沿海地区自然灾害历史资料并对其进行统计分析发现,浙江省沿海地区各种自然灾害发生频次和造成的损失具有明显的时空地域分异特征:1明清时期,随着时间推移,各种灾害发生频次成波动上升的趋势,在明末清初达到一个高峰值;在浙江沿海地区的各种灾害中,水、旱两灾的发生最为频繁,水灾发生频次高于旱灾。2水灾、旱灾、台风和潮灾是该地区的主要灾害类型,台风与水灾、潮灾之间高度相关,且台风灾害是浙江沿海地区的主要致灾因子,台风灾害诱发的灾害链具有波及面广、危害严重的特点。旱灾和水灾具有显著的相关性,在该地区水、旱两灾在时间尺度上的变化相对一致,这种现象可能是副高季节内振荡所导致的。3浙江省自然灾害发生频次和损失程度与地貌形态之间具有一定联系。以平原、丘陵及低山等地貌类型为主的孕灾环境对浙江沿海地区水灾、旱灾、台风灾害和风暴潮灾等4种主要自然灾害类型及其损失的空间分布有着显著的影响。浙北地区水旱灾害变化剧烈,浙中、浙南地区相对较弱。杭州湾地区台风灾害的分布具有湾口多于湾顶,南岸多于北岸的特点。4从灾害损失的空间格局来看,特大损失程度灾害的主要类型为潮灾,且集中分布在浙北平原,浙南山地和浙东南平原丘陵分布较少。
The'little ice ages'of Ming and Qing dynasties were anomalies in the history of Chinese climate as various natural disasters occurred frequently. Therefore, we aim to make quantitative and systematical analysis in natural disasters of the coastal regions in Zhejiang province during the two dynasties, through searching and collecting relative historical documents. The results show that the occurrence frequencies of natural disasters and losses in the coastal regions of Zhejiang province had clear variations in the spatial-temporal space, and the characteristics can be summarized in the following: 1 the occurrence frequency of natural disasters increased over time with small fluctuations, and it reached a peak value in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Flood and drought occurred most frequently among all natural disasters including typhoon, flood, drought and tide, and especially flood had higher occurrence than the drought. 2 As a major contributor to natural disasters in coastal regions of Zhejiang province, typhoon had strong correlations with flood and tide disasters, and its disaster chains then spread widely and cause serious damages. Drought and flood had evident inter-correlation changes in the same direction at the same time scale. The explanation for that is potential fluctuations in subtropical high pressure within the same season. 3 The occurrence frequency and losses of natural disasters are related closely with the topographical characteristics. Especially,the disaster-bearing topographical environments such as plain, hilly and low-mountains had significant effect on the spatial distributions of four major natural disasters including flood,drought, typhoon and tide in the coastal regions of Zhejiang province. The northern part of Zhejiang province suffered seriously from the drought and tide disasters whereas the both disasters became weak in the central and southern parts of Zhejiang province. Moreover, the typhoon in the Hangzhou Bay generally occurred in the mouth area rather than its peak ar
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第9期1778-1790,共13页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41171073
41101517)
浙江省科技厅公益项目(2010C33155)
浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y5110321)
浙江省社科规划项目(12JDHY01Z
13JDHY01Z)
宁波市自然科学基金项目(2010A610105)
关键词
浙江沿海
自然灾害
时空分异特征
明清时期
coastal regions of Zhejiang province
natural disasters
spatial-temporal variation characteristics
Ming and Qing dynasties
