摘要
针对浅水区、污染区、极地等复杂海洋环境,传统海洋调查手段劳动强度高、安全风险大、作业效率低。无人水面艇具备无人、高效等特点,非常适合在上述复杂海洋环境中作业,并于近年来在海洋调查领域中得到了快速发展与广泛应用。从海洋调查领域中无人水面艇的优势、国内外典型的无人水面艇和应用案例入手,深入分析了我国无人水面艇海洋调查的现状,并对未来的技术发展方向进行了展望。实践表明,应用无人水面艇进行海底地形地貌调查的技术已基本成熟,水深数据质量和自主导航精度均可满足规范要求。在未来,须将无人水面艇的应用进一步扩展至物理海洋、海洋生物、海洋化学等专业领域,并加快研制基于可再生能源的长航程无人水面艇,以开展全球性海洋调查。
For the complex marine environments,such as shallow water,contaminated sea area and polar region,the traditional marine survey methods have a high labor intensity and safety risk with low efficiency.The unmanned surface vehicle(USV)is suitable for the aforementioned complex marine environments for its advantages of unmanned and efficient.In recent years,it has been rapidly developed and widely used in marine survey field.Focusing on the advantages of USV in marine survey,worldwide typical USVs and application cases,this paper deeply analyses the current status of marine survey with USV in China,and forecasts the future directions of this technology.Practice shows that USV is basically mature for the hydrographic survey.Both the bathymetric data quality and the autonomous navigation accuracy could meet the requirements of the specifications.In the future,USV should be further extended to physical oceanography,marine biology,marine chemistiy,etc.Meanwhile,the long voyage USV developing using renewable energy should be accelerated for the worldwide marine survey missions.
作者
董超
刘蔚
李雪
陈焱琨
DONG Chao;LIU Wei;LI Xue;CHEN Yan-kun(South China Sea Marine Survey and Technology Center,State Oceanic Administration,Guangzhou,510300;Key Laboratory of Technology for Safeguarding of Marine Rights and Interests and Application,State Oceanic Administration,Guangzhou 510300)
出处
《导航与控制》
2019年第1期1-9,43,共10页
Navigation and Control
基金
全球变化与海气相互作用专项和海洋公益性行业科研专项(编号:201505002)
关键词
无人水面艇
海洋调查
应用进展
现状
展望
unmanned surface vehicle(USV)
marine survey
application progress
current status
prospect
