摘要
个人与社会的关系是社会学的基本问题。分析这个问题应遵守认识论、逻辑学和辩证法一致性原则 ,使认识过程与历史过程和逻辑一致起来。个人是以角色的名义参与社会生活的。角色包括非人格化的职位和人格化的角色活动两个方面。角色人格体系是社会的第一个体系。人格的核心要素是价值标准 ,价值标准外化为公开的和隐蔽的行为规范 ,价值规范体系是社会的第二个体系。规范通过权力制度化 ,最基本的社会制度有四种 :承担人口繁衍的婚姻家庭制度、为人类提供生存资料的经济制度、促进社会物质文明和精神文明发展的教育科学制度、发挥领导和整合作用的政治制度。权力制度体系是社会的第三个体系。通过对以上三个社会体系及其有机联系的分析 ,从理论上完整地再现社会真实。这个理论可名之曰“角色—制度理论”
The matter concerns the individual with the society is the main subject of sociology. (2) An individual takes part in social life as a role. The “role” denotes an social position occupied by an individual who performs rights and duties in the light of the social position he occupies, and a set of behavior norms and forms thus formed, so the “role” embodies the social position the individual occupies and the social activities the individual performs. (3) The personality system of the role is the first social system. The core of the personality is shown by behavior norms, public and latent. The system of the norm of value is the second social system. (4) The norms would be institutionalized through influence, or power. This is the third of the social system reflected in (a) family: a group of persons related by blood or by marriage, taking on multiplying of population; (b) economic system: providing the materials for human existence; (c) education and science system: providing the development of social material civilization and spiritual civilization; (d) political system: giving scope to social leadership and concordance. A society in its true feature(s) could be presented so long as we can take meticulous analysis on the social systems mentioned above and their organic connections. In so doing we have to keep the principle of the unity of the theory of knowledge, logical inference, and dialectic correlation, so as to have the historical process merging into the process of cognition and logical inference.
出处
《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2002年第5期14-26,共13页
Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition
