摘要
缺乏声誉的单次合作何以可能?研究者们一直在尝试用各种理论来破解这一谜团。作为其中的一种理论解释,利他主义一直被视为单次合作得以达成的关键。但是,传统的基于利他假设的群体选择理论、亲缘选择理论、互惠利他理论以及基于声誉考虑的理论,都存在各自的局限,无法解释单次的和陌生人的合作。桑塔费学派提出了强互惠理论,对利他主义进行了新的解释:人们只会采取有条件的利他行为,且最重要的条件就是对等条件;进一步,他们认为,狭隘主义是利他主义得以演进的关键。这些研究深化了我们对人类"合作何以可能"的理解。
How is one-shot cooperation possible when reputation is absent?Various theories were proposed for solving this mystery.As one of the theoretical explanations,altruism has always been seen as the key to oneshot cooperation.However,the traditional theories such as group selection,kin selection,reciprocal altruism,and reputation theory have their own limitations and cannot explain the cooperation in the one-shot game with strangers.The Santa Fe School put forward the theory of strong reciprocity and made a new interpretation of altruism:people only adopt conditional altruistic behavior,and the most important condition is the equivalence condition;further,they believe that narrow favoritism is the key to understand the evolution of altruism.Studies above have deepened our understanding of'Cooperation be Possible'.
作者
汤灿晴
TANG Canqing(School of Economics,Guangdong University of Economics and Finance,Guangzhou 510320,China)
出处
《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》
CAS
2019年第3期46-53,共8页
Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"劳动收入份额对就业和收入不平等的影响理论与实证研究"(14YJC790109)
关键词
利他主义
合作行为
桑塔费学派
强互惠
altruism
cooperative behavior
Santa Fe School
strong reciprocity
