摘要
二十世纪后期,灾害抗逆力在社会科学和公共政策领域引起重视。本文通过对灾害抗逆力研究的系统梳理,初步厘清了灾害抗逆力的定义、维度和测量。笔者认为,抗逆力概念的界定具有张力和多维性。从内在构成看,抗逆力可以包括鲁棒性、冗余性、丰富性、快速性四个维度。从作用领域看,抗逆力可以有技术、组织、经济、社会四个维度。灾害抗逆力的测量可以有结构和过程两种方式,其中结构侧重于结构测量的方式,包括系统的多样化、结构的去中心化、组织的网格化,社会资本是抗逆力的结构要素,侧重于过程测量的方式,包括减少产出压力、集体决策或分散决策以及临机决策。综合来看,灾害抗逆力的研究在概念上仍然比较模糊,测量方法和实证研究都有待发展,这是未来抗逆力研究需要克服的难题。
People have been paying much attention on disaster resilience in social society and public policy areas since the late twentieth century.In this paper,we did a systematic review of previous disaster resilience studies,and clarified its definition,dimension and measurement.The concept of resilience is tensional and multidimensional.From internal structure perspective,resilience includes robustness,redundancy,abundance and rapidness.From functional perspective,it consists of four dimensions-technology,organization,economy and society.To measure disaster resilience,structure or process method can be used.Diversity of the system,decentralization of the structure,network of the organization,and social capital are four key factors for structure measurement.On the other hand,process measurement includes reducing output pressures, collective, independent and improvisational decisionmaking.Considering all aspects,the concept of disaster resilience is still unclear and its measurement and realistic research need to be further developed.To tackle these problems will be a challenge in the future.
作者
王艳
张海波
Wang Yan;Zhang Haibo
出处
《风险灾害危机研究》
CSSCI
2017年第1期37-51,共15页
Journal of Risk, Disaster & Crisis Research
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“新兴风险与公共安全适应能力研究”(项目编号:13AGL009)
教育部新世纪人才项目“中国公共安全体系当前面临的挑战与未来发展方向研究”(项目编号:NCET-13-0285)
关键词
灾害抗逆力
定义
维度
测量
Disaster Resiliency
Definition
Dimension and Measurement
