摘要
皂苷是中药中的一类重要活性成分,根据苷元结构的不同又可分为三萜皂苷和甾体皂苷两种结构类型。本文对多种代表性中药皂苷如人参皂苷、甘草皂苷、柴胡皂苷、知母皂苷和薯蓣皂苷等的体内代谢途径进行了综述,并对其代谢规律进行了总结。皂苷原形成分口服给药后往往吸收较差,其体内代谢通常经由胃肠道的水解和吸收入血后肝脏的代谢两步完成。其中,胃肠道水解后产生的次级苷或苷元往往具有更高的生物利用度,而肝脏对入血成分的进一步代谢则以Ⅰ相代谢为主。明确中药皂苷的体内代谢特征,有助于正确理解该类成分发挥药效的体内物质基础,并为基于活性天然产物的新药开发提供科学依据。
Saponins are important components in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） with significant biological activities, which could be divided into triterpenoid saponins and steroidal saponins according to structures of the aglycone skeletons. This article reviews the in vivo metabolic pathways of some typical natural saponins such as ginsenosides, licorice saponins, saikosaponins, timosaponins and diosgenin glycosides. Saponins often show poor absorbance after oral administration. The in vivo metabolism of saponins generally contain two steps. These compounds usually undergo hydrolysis in stomach and gut. Then they are absorbed into blood and metabolized in liver. The secondary glycosides and the aglycones produced in gastrointestinal tract often show higher bioavailability and better bioactivity, while downstream metabolites in liver are mainly produced by phase I metabolism. Clarification of the in vivo metabolism of bioactive saponins is helpful for the understanding of the effective ingredients in TCM, as well as the discovery of new drugs from natural products.
作者
宋玮
郑伟
张洁
张涛
刘曙晨
余利岩
马百平
SONG Wei;ZHENG Wei;ZHANG Jie;ZHANG Tao;LIU Shu-chen;YU Li-yan;MA Bai-ping(Center for Translational Medicine,Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China;Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Beijing 100850,China;Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《药学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第10期1609-1619,共11页
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica
基金
国家"重大新药创制"科技重大专项基金资助项目(2017ZX09301072)
关键词
中药
三萜皂苷
甾体皂苷
体内代谢
肠道菌群
Ⅰ相代谢
traditional Chinese medicine
triterpenoid saponins
steroidal saponins
in vivo metabolism
gutbacteria
phase I metabolism
