摘要
目的了解北京市城区中小学生膳食模式,为开展中小学生营养干预和健康教育提供重要的依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,在北京市东城区、西城区、石景山区、朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区抽取小学、初中共30所学校,学生经知情同意后自愿参加网络膳食调查。采用简化的食物频率调查问卷调查学生膳食摄入情况。结果参与调查的北京市城区中小学生膳食因子分析确定了3种膳食模式(特征根>1的因子共有3个,累积贡献率为42.06%):模式1以鱼、肉、蛋、奶、蔬菜、水果类为主要食物,代表"副食型"膳食模式;模式2以米面类、谷薯类、豆类为主要食物,代表"主食型"膳食模式;模式3以速食、零食为主要食物,代表"不健康饮食型"膳食模式。超重肥胖组学生的膳食模式与非超重肥胖组学生有区别,超重肥胖组学生的零食摄入高于非超重肥胖组学生(t=2.13,P=0.03)。结论北京市城区中小学生有"副食型""主食型"和"不健康饮食型"3种膳食模式。超重肥胖组和非超重肥胖组学生的膳食摄入有差异。
Objective To examine and characterize dietary patterns among primary and junior high school students in Beijing urban area. Methods Cluster random sampling method was applied to select students from primary and junior high schools in6 districts of Beijing urban area. A simplified food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate students＇ dietary intake. Results Totally 3 types of dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis,3 factors with eigenvalue 1,and the cumulative contribution rate was 42.06%. Pattern 1 was characterized by prominent consumption of fish,meat,eggs,milk,vegetables and fruits. Pattern 2 was characterized by prominent consumption of rice/flour,cereals and beans. Pattern 3 was characterized by higher consumption of fast food,snacks. There were significant differences dietary patterns distribution between n overweight and obese group and non-overweight group in. Snack intake among students with overweight and obesity was higher than that of non-overweight students（ t =2.13,P = 0.03）. Conclusion Three types of dietary patterns labeled ＂ staple food dietary pattern＂, ＂ non-staple food dietary pattern＂ and ＂ unhealthy dietary pattern＂ are identified among urban area children and adolescents in Beijing. Students in overweight and obese group differ in food intake with those in non-overweight peers.
作者
王虹
姜舒莹
郭秀花
宋玉珍
陶立新
吴立娟
段佳丽
WANG Hong;JIANG Shuying;GUO Xiuhua;SONG Yuzhen;TAO Lixin;WU Lijuan;DUAN Jiali(School of Public Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing（100069）,China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第9期1329-1331,共3页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
北京市教育委员会课题项目(PXM2013_014226_07_000037)
关键词
膳食调查
健康教育
因特网
学生
Diet surveys
Health education
Internet
Students
