摘要
大规模监控是针对不特定对象的高科技监控手段,在侦查中有多种功能。由于部分大规模监控在侦查中运用时会侵害公民基本权利,所以属于应由法律规制的强制侦查措施。大规模监控的运用使侦查由被动性、调查性、回溯性、对象特定性侦查向主动性、预防性、即时性、对象非特定性侦查过渡,给传统的侦查及其法律规制理论带来了一些难题和挑战。为实现公民权利保护的实效性,应将侵害公民基本权利的各种大规模监控措施纳入《刑事诉讼法》的规制范围。为此,必须对现有的侦查理论和规范进行修正,改革立案制度,扩大技术侦查的对象范围;应根据大规模监控的用途及监控内容的不同进行宽严有别的规制;对于侦查中大规模监控运用的规制,应从程序规范及证据规则两方面进行,前者包括适用范围、适用条件、适用主体、批准程序、实施程序等方面,后者包括非法运用大规模监控获取证据的排除规则,以及根据大规模监控的科技特征而设置的不可靠证据排除规则。
Public surveillance technology is high technology which doesn＇t aim at specific object.Public surveillance technology can be used in many ways in criminal investigation. Some surveillance technology may violate civic right and should be regulated by law. After analyzing the utilization of some surveillance technology in criminal investigation,we can find that the utilization of surveillance technology bring great changes to criminal investigation mode,and with it the issues about it＇s legal regulation.From the angle of civic right protection,the utilization of surveillance technology should be regulated by Criminal Procedure Law. Therefore the investigation theory and regulation should be amended,and the object of technical investigation should be expanded. The regulation power should be different according to the purpose and content of surveillance,and the regulation must be from two directions,which are the procedural and evidence rules.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期82-105,共24页
Journal of Comparative Law
基金
笔者主持的中国法学会2017年度一般课题"侦查中运用大规模监控措施的法律规制研究"[CLS(2017)C53]的阶段性研究成果
关键词
大规模监控
强制侦查措施
法律规制
public surveillance technology
compulsory investigation measures
legal regulation
