摘要
乡村旅游的富民和减贫效应已经得到政府和学界的广泛认可,但乡村旅游开发过程中对弱者的增收空间,对社区的生态空间和文化空间存在挤出效应。武陵地区18个乡村旅游样本的调查表明,乡村旅游对地区的贡献具有"双重性",存在致富有余,但扶贫不足,弱者被挤出、开发如火如荼,但文化变异,乡愁被挤出;项目如雨后春笋,但生态变样,绿水青山被挤出等现象。据此提出:走内涵发展方式,提高乡村旅游供给门槛;以生态与文化资源换取财产性收入,返利于民;释放居民就业创业空间,从点滴中扶贫;出台乡村旅游环境标准,规避环境破坏行为;建立扶贫与乡土治理专项基金,促进乡村经济文化生态全面振兴;设计企业退税免税优惠制度,鼓励"城归"居民返乡创业扶贫。
Rural tourism has the effects of enriching opportunities for the people and reducing poverty,but its crowding-out-effects on the income increase of the poorer people,the communal ecological space and cultural space are also obvious. The survey samples of 18 villages in Wuling area reveal the following conclusion： rural tourism helps the local people to become rich,but its poverty alleviation effect is insufficient,and the weak are squeezed out; the development leads to cultural variation and denies nostalgia; numerous projects lead to ecological damages. The paper brings up the following suggestions： first,it is encouraged to promote internal development and raise the threshold of rural tourism; second,it should increase the property income of ecological and cultural resources to benefit the people; third,it is necessary to improve employment and entrepreneurship and do everything for poverty eradication; fourth,it is necessary to set up the standard for rural tourism to reduce environmental damages; firth,it is beneficial to set up special funds for poverty eradication and rural management to revitalize the overall development of the rural community; sixth,it is worthwhile to implement the preferential tax policies to encourage the entrepreneurship of migrant workers.
作者
熊正贤
XIONG Zheng-xian(Center for the Development and Utilization of Special Resources of Wuling Mountains,Yangtze Normal University,Chongqing 408100,China;Center for Innovation and Green Development of Wuling Mountains,Yangtze Normal University,Chongqing 408100,China)
出处
《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2018年第5期77-88,共12页
Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
重庆市教委人文社科规划项目"武陵山区特色村寨建设的实践路径研究"(16SKGH183)
国家社会科学规划项目"云贵川特色小镇同质化问题调查与差异化策略研究"(17BMZ099)阶段成果
关键词
挤出效应
乡村旅游
武陵地区
crowding - out - effects
rural tourism
Wuling area
