摘要
江南地区最大的自然灾害除水患外,旱灾的发生也很频繁。咸丰六年江南发生了特大旱灾,由于时逢太平军东进,给地方社会造成重大影响。本文以桐乡知县戴槃的记述为中心,解明灾害的严重程度及影响,分析灾害发生背景下的地方民生与政府应对问题。政府对灾荒的救济,在清代历史过程中有一个显著的转折,即咸丰朝前后,政府救济的力度和重视程度因内乱外患、军政频兴而有很大的差异。自咸丰朝开始,民生的救赈已基本转移到地方政府身上,而责任心较强的地方官员及其影响下的绅商地主,为稳定地方秩序与民生安抚也发挥了重要作用。
Apart from the floods,the frequent occurrences of droughts were also one of the most threatening natural catastrophes in the lower Yangtze river. It was the 6 th year of Xianfeng＇s reign（ 1856） that saw an extremely severe drought strike the Jiangnan region,which shed significant influences on the local society due to its coinciding with the eastward military action of the Taiping Rebels. Based on the narrations written by the Tongxiang County＇s magistrate—Dai Pan,this article not only clarifies the severity and impacts of such a disaster,but also analyzes the local people＇s livelihoods and the government＇s responses under this specific background. And it illuminates a remarkable turning point of the government relief for disasters during the history of Qing dynasty. Owing to the domestic strife and foreign aggression,the relief efforts and the emphasis paid by Xianfeng government and its successors varied greatly from their predecessors. In the period of Xianfeng,most of the responsibilities of local rescue and relief were transferred to the local government. Influenced by those local officials with strong senses of responsibilities,the powerful gentry-merchant landlords played a leading role in maintaining the stability of the local society and appeasing the local people＇s livelihood.
作者
冯贤亮
FENG Xian-liang(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433,China)
出处
《史学集刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期67-76,共10页
Collected Papers of History Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"近世江南的城乡环境
地域经济与政治变迁研究"(15JJDZONGHE005)之阶段性成果
关键词
咸丰六年
桐乡
戴槃
灾荒
社会控制
the sixth year of Xianfeng（咸丰）Tongxiang（桐乡）
Dai Pan（戴槃）
disaster
social con-
