摘要
晚明泰州经济的衰败很大程度上是国家黄、运治理政策形塑的结果。明代治黄以保运为先,造成淮河入海通路被侵占,遂使淮扬运道、祖陵与下河州县同罹水患。在治水技术无法提供兼顾三者的解决方案时,明廷鉴于祖陵、运道对皇室与国计的特殊意义,选择将下河作为排泄区。这种角色设定导致泰州水害频发,破坏了原先优良的农作环境,当地经济也随之陷入困境。泰州士绅既无力扭转大的水利格局,也未能说服国家提供更多的赋税优惠,水利与税收分配的主导权始终掌握在国家手中。这表明在地方与国家核心利益发生冲突时,地方社会所能体现出来的自主性与能动性有限,很难抵制国家行为对地方民生的侵害。晚明泰州的遭遇显示帝制国家对地方社会保有较强的穿透力与影响力,地方史研究亦需充分考量"国家"要素。
The decline of the economy of Taizhou( 泰州) in the late Ming dynasty was largely a result of the governmental policies concerning the Yellow River, Huaihe( 淮河)River, and the Grand Canal. The needs of protecting the Grand Canal transportation as a priority led to frequent occupation and block of the Huaihe River waterway to the ocean, which consequently resulted in floods over the Huaiyang( 淮扬) transportation roads, the royal tombs, and the counties along Xiahe( 下河)River. The Ming Government eventually chose Xiahe River as the flood-relief area to protect the royal tombs. This brought about frequent water disasters in Taizhou( 泰州) area and destroyed the originally excellent farming condition and the whole economy of Taizhou. The local gentry of Taizhou who had little influence to the state strategy appealed for taxation exemption without success. The Taizhou experience reveals that the so called local autonomy and initiatives were very weak as far as an interest contradiction with the state occurred. This case reminds us that the imperial power penetrated deeply into local society in late imperial China and it is necessary for researchers to take full account of the present of state power even in the studies of local history.
出处
《古代文明》
CSSCI
2017年第4期102-110,共9页
The Journal of Ancient Civilizations
关键词
晚明
泰州
黄运治理
经济困境
地方应对
Late Ming
Taizhou
economic dilemma
Yellow River
Grand Canal
local response
