摘要
作为中古时代国家应对灾害的主要理念与最常见思想,修德不仅是稳定灾后社会秩序的重要方式,也是巩固君权天授的政治地位的现实需要,还体现了君主受天明命、敷佑下土的政治姿态与以德安民的政治伦理,彰显出执政者与民众对政治清明与救灾实效之间关系的理解与认同,成为构架汉唐政治体系的主要观念之一。修德应灾的核心问题就是理顺政治,最终目的是应答天谴,其象征意义远大于应灾实效。因此修德应灾方式不能仅以科学、迷信或积极、消极来分类与判断。君主修德应灾主要是指完善德性与德行两个方面,其中德性是其遵循政治规范与政治伦理的内在表现,德行则是遵守政治规范与践行政治伦理的外在形式。虽然体现君主德行的消灾方式较多,但所有形式都受制于德性,或都可视为德性的反映。因此修德弭灾方式的多样性与修德应灾理念的统一性,也成为中国古代社会灾害应对的重要特点。
As the main idea and the most common idea of disaster response in medieval times,it is not only an important way to stabilize the post-disaster social order but also the actual need to consolidate the political status of monarchy.The political attitude of the earth and the moral ethics of De＇an people demonstrate the understanding and identification of the relationship between the governors and the public on the effectiveness of political clarification and disaster relief and become one of the major concepts for constructing the political system of the Han and Tang Dynasties.The core issue of the repatriation of Germany is to rationalize politics.The ultimate goal is to answer the curse,whose symbolic meaning is far greater than that of disaster relief.Therefore,the manners of repairing Germany can not be classified and judged by science,superstition or positive or negative.Monarch Xiude mainly refers to the improvement of virtue and virtues,of which virtue is its inherent performance of political norms and political ethics,moral behavior is to comply with political norms and practice of political ethics of the external form.Although there are many ways to eliminate disasters that reflect the monarch＇s virtue,all forms are subject to virtue or both can be regarded as the reflection of virtue.Therefore,the unity of the diversity of the Xunde disaster mode and the concept of repatriation of the German nation has also become an important feature of the social disaster response in ancient China.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第9期144-156,共13页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(人文社科类)"黄河流域传统灾害思想与灾难应对"研究(项目编号:2018-CX-015)
教育部人文社科项目"秦汉简牍官文书与国家政务运行机制及行政效律研究"(项目编号:16YJC770009)的阶段性成果
关键词
修德应灾
救灾
消灾
汉代
唐代
Repairing Disaster
Disaster
Relief Disaster
Han Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
