摘要
日本于1876年创办了其近代最早的幼儿园。嗣后,其幼儿园教育内容经历了一个漫长的演变过程,于20世纪50年代发展成六个领域,又于1989年,将原来的六个领域最终确定为健康、人际关系、环境、语言、表现"五个领域",直至今日未变。这个过程也是其幼儿教育"去小学化"的过程。"五个领域"是观察孩子成长发育的窗口,它不同于小学的科目。同时,"五个领域"是日本幼儿教育"去小学化"的重要媒介,也是实现其幼儿教育目标的重要工具。今天,日本幼儿园的教育工作"就是帮助孩子增加生活体验,而不是成年人教会孩子什么",要求按照"五个领域"从不同侧面指导幼儿的活动,目标是通过幼儿的游戏和生活体验,为其形成生存能力奠定初期基础。日本幼儿教育的最终鹄的,就是遵循儿童中心主义的基本理念,帮助幼儿在健康快乐的成长过程中,为生存能力的形成奠定基础。
The earliest kindergarten of modern times came into being in Japan in 1876. After a long period of development and evolution,the kindergarten education con-tents have developed into six fields in 1950 s.Finally,in 1989 the original six fields havebeen changed into today＇s＂five fields＂of health,interpersonal relationship,environment,language and performance,which are still held on to this day. The development is the pro-cess of＂decreasing the trend of primary school＂. The＂five fields＂are used as a window toobserve children＇s growth and development,which are different from the subjects in primary school. They are important media to decrease the trend of primary school in Japan＇s nursery education,as well as the important tool to carry out the education object. The purpose ofeducational work in Japan＇s kindergarten today＂is the adults who help children to increaselife experience instead to teach them to learn something＂. It is required to guide children＇sactivities according to the＂five fields＂,hoping to achieve the goal of laying the early foundation for children to form the viability through their frolic and life experience. The finalpurpose of nursery education in Japan is to lay the foundation for the formation of children＇s viability by adhering to the basic child-centered concept in order to promote healthy andhappy growth of children.
作者
王幡
刘在良
WANG Fan;LIU Zailiang(Teachers College,Jinhua Polytechnic Teachers College,Jinhua 321007,China;Foreign Languages College,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)
出处
《外国教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第8期114-126,共13页
Studies in Foreign Education
基金
北京市哲学社会科学规划项目"北京市高素质幼儿教师培养模式研究"(项目编号:12JYB009)
关键词
幼儿园
教育内容
五个领域
演变
生存能力
kindergarten
education contents
five fields
evolution
viability
