摘要
利用1951—2016年阿拉木图与乌鲁木齐的逐日气象观测资料,对比分析中亚区域两个主要城市的寒潮气候变化特征。结果表明:(1)阿拉木图和乌鲁木齐的年寒潮过程频数分别为6.1次和4.2次,阿拉木图的寒潮过程较频繁;阿拉木图的寒潮过程年内分布呈单峰型,峰值在11月和12月,而乌鲁木齐的过程频数年内分布呈双峰型,分别出现在4月和11月;阿拉木图的冬半年寒潮过程初日和终日均比乌鲁木齐偏早9 d。(2)1951—2006年,阿拉木图和乌鲁木齐的年寒潮过程频数均呈线性减少趋势,阿拉木图的减少趋势更加显著;阿拉木图与乌鲁木齐的寒潮过程异常偏多年主要出现在1980年之前;阿拉木图的年寒潮过程频数存在21 a显著周期,乌鲁木齐存在39 a显著周期。(3)乌鲁木齐的寒潮过程最低气温低于阿拉木图,但是阿拉木图的寒潮过程降温幅度强于乌鲁木齐;56 a来,阿拉木图和乌鲁木齐的寒潮过程降温幅度的年累计值的变化率分别为-8.1℃/10 a和-5.9℃/10 a,相比而言,阿拉木图的寒潮过程强度的减弱趋势更加显著。
Based on the daily weather observing data from 1951 to 2016 in Almaty and Urumqi,the climate characteristics of cold wave in two major cities in Central Asia were analyzed. The results showed that the yearly frequency of cold wave in Almaty and Urumqi were 6.1 and 4.2 times, respectively. The monthly frequency of cold wave in Almaty was unimodal, mainly concentrated in autumn and winter, while Urumqi was bimodal, concentrated in spring and autumn. The first and last days of cold wave in Almaty were 9 days earlier than Urumqi. From 1951 to 2006, the yearly frequency of cold wave in Almaty and Urumqi showed a decreasing trend, while the decreasing trend in Almaty was more significant. Abnormal excessive generation of cold wave process in Almaty and Urumqi was mainly before 1980, and there was a 21a significant cycle in Almaty and a 39a significant cycle in Urumqi. During cold wave processes, the minimum air temperature in Urumqi was colder than Almaty, but the temperature drop range in Almaty was larger. Over the past 56 years, the cumulative value of temperature drop range of cold wave in Almaty and Urumqi decreased by 8.1 days/ 10 years and 5.9 days/10 years, respectively. The change of cold wave intensity in Almaty and Urumqi showed a decreasing trend, and the change tendency in Almaty was more significant.
作者
段均泽
毛炜峄
张同文
刘精
DUAN Junze;MAO Weiyi;ZHANG Tongwen;LIU Jing(Center of Central Asia Atmospheric Science Research,Urumqi 830002,China;Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China;Institute of Desert Meteorology,CMA,Urumqi 830002,China)
出处
《沙漠与绿洲气象》
2018年第4期1-6,共6页
Desert and Oasis Meteorology
基金
中亚大气科学研究基金项目"中亚北部典型城市寒潮活动变化特征对比研究(CAAS201807)"
"上海合作组织科技伙伴计划(2017E01032)"共同资助
关键词
寒潮过程
气候特征
对比
阿拉木图
乌鲁木齐
cold wave process
climatic characteristics
comparison
Almaty
Urumqi
