摘要
人们在市场经济机制下的理性选择和趋利行为,总是倾向于个人收益最大化。但人们在一些准公共经济中的行为特征,却须既要寻求个体利益最大化,又要兼顾公共产品的成本分摊机制的有效运行,否则拥挤性的消费特性,逼迫人们付出"拥挤税",并且在缺乏预见性和成本有效分摊的情况下,将给社会和个体带来的公共品短缺以及时间成本等代价更大。文章以交通拥挤作为主要分析对象,试图表达一个理念:准公共品的成本分摊机制虽然与私人品有差异,但最好的供给机制是使消费效用与成本分摊有所对称,或者存在部分人群的个人权利有所让渡,从而使公共交通中多数人的通行权利获得尊重,只有这样,方能有利于具有拥挤性的准公共品供给,从而避免短缺的困扰。
Under the market economy mechanism and benefit behavior, people＇s rational choice tends to maximize the personal gains. But in people＇s behavior characteristics of quasi- public economy, they need not only to seek the maximization of individual interests, but also the effective operation of public products, or else the consumption characteristic of congestion will force people to pay a ＂congestion tax＂. In the absence of prediction and the effective allocation of the cost, this will cause shortage of public goods and more time cost for the society and the individual. This paper analyzes traffic congestion and tries to express such a concept： public goods differ from private goods in terms of cost-sharing mechanism, yet the best supply mechanism is to make a balance between consumption efficacy and cost share. Or some people have to transfer their individual rights to let most people get respect from access right in public transportation. Only by doing so can benefit the supply of congested quasi-public goods so as to avoid shortage of public goods.
出处
《创新》
2018年第4期92-100,2,共9页
Innovation
关键词
准公共服务消费
城市交通拥挤
个人权利的让渡
Quasi-public Service Consumption
Urban Traffic Congestion
Transference of Individual Rights
