摘要
现实生活中我们经常遭遇到各种困惑,困惑之人是我们认识规范性理由的切入口。拉兹提出了一种独特的理由分类学,将价值与理由进行了对接。道德理由是一阶行动理由的自然状态,无论是在应用层面上还是价值层面上,道德理由都会产生冲突。建议、要求与命令都是求助他人解决冲突的重要手段。其中命令更是提供了一种新型的二阶理由,改变一阶理由的规范性状态。一阶理由与二阶理由可以结合成为一种保护性理由,法律规范即为这种典范,在规范性推理中发挥着独特的重要作用。
We often encounter some confusions,by that we can understand the normative reasons. Razraised a unique taxonomy of reasons. The moral reasonsbehind are the natural state of the first-order reason of action,and they will be in conflict both on the level of application and the level of value. Advice,request and order are all important tools for helping others to resolve conflicts,among which order provides a new second-order reason,and changes the normative state of the first-order reason. The first-order reason and the second-order reason can be combined into one kind of protective reason. The legal norms are exact exemplars which play a unique and important role in normative reasoning.
出处
《哲学分析》
CSSCI
2018年第4期113-124,198,共12页
Philosophical Analysis
关键词
约瑟夫·拉兹
一阶理由
二阶理由
保护性理由
规范性
Joseph Raz
first-order reason
second-order reason
protective reason
normativity
