摘要
天然木材由于其本身的构造及化学组成原因,呈现出不透明性,而以纳米纤维素为骨架随后浸渍树脂,可制备出透明木材,兼具高透光和高雾度特性且力学性能优异。进一步在树脂中添加不同纳米粒子,还能使之具有发光性、磁性等功能化特性。透明木材在新一代环保建筑、光学器件等方面具有潜在的应用价值,是当前改性木材领域的研究热点。笔者综述了目前制备透明木材的有效方法,通过木质纳米纤维素骨架的制备、折射指数匹配的树脂浸渍、树脂的固化等工艺过程,达到高透光率和高雾度的实现。并对制备透明木材的现有方法进行了归纳和分析,为寻求快速、便捷、可工业化生产的制备方法提供新的研究思路,并为实现透明木材的工业化制造提供理论基础。同时,对透明木材应用前景进行了论述,系统介绍了其在节能建筑、光电子器件及家居材料方面的应用前景展望。最后,对未来透明木材的发展趋势进行了初步描述。
As a renewable resource,wood is the most widely used for bio-based structural components. Wood shows its excellent properties,such as low density,high Young＇s modulus,high strength,high toughness,low thermal conductivity,non-toxic,biodegradable,etc. Modification methods,such as impregnation of resins or addition of inorganic nanomaterials,can improve the antibacterial,mildew proof,corrosion resistance and dimensional stability of wood.Therefore,researchers have great interests in wood modification. Recently,transparent wood has become a research hotspot in the current field of modified wood. Natural wood is not transparent due to its own structure and chemical composition. The refractive indexes of wood cell wall（ the value of 1. 53 for cellulose and hemicellulose and 1. 61 for lignin） and the air refractive indexes in the wood pore are different,which results in the strong light scattering in the visible light range. In addition,wood usually contains about 30% lignin,which is the main colored component in wood and contains a lot of chromophore. The transparent wood can be prepared by being impregnated using resin with nanocellulose as the skeleton,resulting in high light transmittance,high haze characteristics and excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore,different nanoparticles can be added to the resin,and it can also be made to have luminescent,magnetic and other functional performances. The transparent wood has potential application value in a new generation of environmental protection buildings,optical devices,etc. This paper reviews the current effective methods for the preparation of transparent wood,through the preparation of woody nano-cellulose framework,refractive index matching resin impregnation,resin curing and other processes to achieve the high light transmittance and high haze.There are three preparation methods of woody nano-cellulose framework,including sodium chlorite method,sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite method,and lignin retention method. The polymers used in the impregnation
作者
吴燕
唐彩云
吴佳敏
黄琼涛
WU Yan;TANG Caiyun;WU Jiamin;HUANG Qiongtao(College of Furnishings and Industrial Design,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Yihua Lifestyle Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shantou 515834,Guangdong,China)
出处
《林业工程学报》
北大核心
2018年第4期12-18,共7页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(31500474)
江苏省2015年度普通高校研究生实践创新计划项目(SJLX15-0408)
广东宜华木业股份有限公司资助项目(YH-NL-201507)
关键词
透明木材
制备方法
高透光
高雾度
纳米纤维素骨架
木材改性
transparent wood
preparation method
high light transmittance
high haze
CNC skelecton
wood modification
