摘要
燃料电池是把化学能直接连续转化为电能的高效、环保的发电系统,是继水电、火电和核电之后第四种发电装置。其中,质子交换膜燃料电池有着寿命长、比功率和比能量高、室温下启动速度快等优点,可作为移动式电源和固定式电源使用,且在军事、交通、通讯等领域有着广阔的应用前景,被认为是适应未来能源与环境要求的理想动力源之一。双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池核心部件之一,占据了电池组很大一部分的质量和成本,且承担着均匀分配反应气体、传导电流、串联各单电池等功能。为了满足这些功能需要,理想的双极板应具有高的热/电导率、耐蚀性、低密度、良好的力学性能以及低成本、易加工等特点。但目前生产的双极板存在耐蚀性和导电性匹配性差、生产成本高和寿命短等问题。实现双极板材料的导电性和耐蚀性的合理匹配,即在保证导电性合理的前提下,实现高的耐蚀性,保障整个体系的服役寿命,是燃料电池商业化的关键环节之一。目前广泛用作质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的基体材料主要有石墨材料、金属材料及复合材料三种。这三种材料制成的双极板有不同的优缺点,但综合而言均不能满足双极板的性能要求。针对以上问题,近几年来研究者利用掺杂或表面改性的方法,在弥补双极板材料的性能不足方面取得了较多的成果,很多改进后的材料已经可以满足美国能源部提出的性能要求。本文系统总结了上述三类常见的双极板材料,详细综述了近年研究较为深入的金属双极板的涂层材料,并归纳了各种涂层与不锈钢、铝合金、钛合金基材组合的双极板的性能。文末展望了双极板特别是金属双极板材料的发展方向。
Fuel cells,a kind of efficient and environmentally friendly power generation system which can continuously convert chemical energy into electricity directly,are the fourth power generation devices since hydropower,thermal power and nuclear power.Among them,proton exchange membrane fuel cells show prominent advantages of long life,high specific power and specific energy,fast start-up at room temperature,etc.They have displayed promising application potential in both portable power and immobile power with military,transportation and telecommunication uses,and are considered as one of the ideal power sources with high adaptability to future energy and environment situation.The bipolar plate,which is one of the core components of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell,occupies a large part of the quality and cost of the whole battery pack and has the functions of uniformly distributing the reactant gas,conducting current,and concatenating monocells,etc.In order to realize these functions,aqualified bipolar plate should have the characteristics of high thermal conductivity,high electrical conductivity,corrosion resistance,low density,favorable mechanical properties,low cost,easy processing and so on.However,the contemporary bipolar plate products suffer poor matching between corrosion resistance and poor conductivity,also high production cost and short service life.Accordingly,it is crucial for commercial applications of fuel cells to achieve a reasonable matching of the conductivity and corrosion resistance of the bipolar plate materials,in other words,to ensure high corrosion and service life of the entire system resistance in the case of reasonable conductivity.Currently,the commonly used substrate materials of proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates include graphite materials,metal materials and composites,all of which have different advantages and disadvantages but are nonetheless unsatisfactory.This in recent years has urged intensive and fruitful research efforts to improve bipolar plates＇ performance
作者
李俊超
王清
蒋锐
吴爱民
林国强
董闯
LI Junchao;WANG Qing;JIANG Rui;WU Aimin;LIN Guoqiang;DONG Chuang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第15期2584-2595,2600,共13页
Materials Reports
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0101206)
国家自然科学基金(11674045)
