摘要
北宋前期,为了维护扬雄的道统地位,不少士人积极为扬雄颂莽辩解。北宋中期,王安石一派积极为扬雄仕莽寻求儒家义理上的合理性解释,而司马光一系也极力为扬雄辩护,但以二程为代表的理学则紧紧抓住仕莽一点极力攻击扬雄。赵宋南渡后,由于塑造王安石乃北宋灭亡罪魁的意识形态需要,以及现实政治局面急需强化忠节观念,扬雄和冯道一起成为士人批判失节现象的标靶。至朱熹在《资治通鉴纲目》中书"莽大夫扬雄死",扬雄"莽大夫"的身份被确立下来。两宋忠节观念的强化,既表现在对扬雄和冯道这样"负面"人物的否定上,也表现在对屈原、陶渊明、杜甫等"正面"人物的再发掘和新诠释上。忠节的要求对象不仅从国家重臣扩展到了所有的士人甚至平民,而且忠节要求的强度也大幅提高,甚至并未随着政治责任的减弱而降低。
In the early Northern Song, many scholars argued for Yang Xiong＇s singing praise of Wang Mang to defend his authority as an orthodox scholar. Later, both Wang Anshi and Sima Guang（ as well as their followers） sought to justify Yang Xiong＇s experience of serving in Wang Mang＇s regime. However, the Lixue School of Confucians represented by the two Cheng brothers strongly attacked Yang Xiong for the same experience of his. In the early Southern Song period, out of the ideological need to cast Wang Anshi as the chief official responsible for the fall of Northern Song, and to strengthen the sense of loyalty in the particular situation of that time, Yang Xiong and Feng Dao again became the target of attack for scholar-officials. Zhu Xi, in one of his books, wrote about the death of Yang Xiong as an official of Wang Mang＇s usurped regime,definitely shaping him as a negative historical figure. Of course, the strengthening of loyalty in the Northern and Southern Song period involved a reinterpretation of positive historical figures such as Qu Yuan, Tao Yuanming and Du Fu. The demand for loyalty extended from high ministers to the general public, regardless of their political responsibility.
出处
《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期41-50,共10页
Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金
重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目"两宋理学传承渊源形成史研究"(106112016 CDJSK 47 XK 24)
关键词
宋代
扬雄
冯道
忠节
Song dynasty
Yang Xiong
Feng Dao
loyalty
