摘要
玉米机械化收获率低严重制约了中国玉米种植的收益和市场竞争力。适宜机械化收获的玉米品种缺乏、栽培措施不当和玉米收获机械不能与我国玉米生产形势相适应是我国玉米机械化收获率低的主要原因。综述了选育适宜机械化收获且具有不同生态适应性的玉米品种;研发适应中国不同种植区的机械化收获及烘干设备;进行适宜玉米籽粒收获种植制度、栽培技术和物化产品研发;探索土地流转制度适度增加玉米种植的经营规模,降低农民玉米收获机械的购买、持有和使用成本,提升农机人员作业水平将有助于提高我国玉米机械化收获的质量和比例等建议。
The low proportion of mechanized harvesting in maize in China severely restricts the economic benefit of maize production and market competitiveness, compared with countries that use achieved mechanized harvesting. The reasons for the low proportion of mechanized harvesting were as follows：（1） the lack of varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting;（2） cultivation measures were incorrect;（3） the maize harvesting machine could not accommodate various varieties and the complex climatope and topography in China. In order to increase the proportion and quality of mechanized harvesting in maize, the following actions have been conducted：（1）breeding new varieties suitable for the technology for different ecological regions;（2）development of new harvest machine and drying equipment in different planting areas;（3）innovation of the cropping patterns, cultivation techniques and plant growth regulator, which accelerated grain dehydration at the harvest;（4）reducing the machine price and improving its use efficiency by increasing the maize acreage per farmer, and enhancing the driving ability of farmers. These measures will have a great contribution to the improvement of the mechanized harvesting level in maize in China.
作者
王成雨
舒忠泽
程备久
江海洋
李晓玉
WANG Chengyu;SHU Zhongze;CHENG Beijiu;JIANG Haiyang;LI Xiaoyu(School o f Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036;School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036)
出处
《安徽农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2018年第3期551-555,共5页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300306)资助
关键词
品种
农艺性状
栽培措施
环境因素
玉米收获机械
variety
agronomic trait
cultivation technique
environmental factor
maize harvester
