摘要
一般认为,永充制乃明初粮长制度之常态,然学界对它的具体实施情况却多语焉不详。吴江黄溪史氏的家族文献为我们深刻了解永充粮长制的实际运作提供了极好素材。为了解决担任粮长所需承担的繁重的赋役负担,黄溪史氏采取嫡长子继承制,通过在家族内部划分大户和小户,来解决粮长的继替,并藉以平衡赋役的轻重。该族在家庙建设上所做的各种实践,或多或少是出于考虑赋役负担与财产之间的连带关系而定,并不纯粹是宗法庶民化的结果。正德嘉靖以后,随着均田均役的逐步实施,原本存在于大户与小户之间责任分割的不平衡被抹平,粮长制度日渐式微,黄溪史氏实行了百余年的嫡长子继承制也失去了继续存在的理由。
Generally speaking,the permanent bearing system is the normal state of Liang Zhang(grain collectors)system in the early Ming Dynasty.However,the specific implementation of this system is unclear.The documents of family Shi in Huang Xi of Wujiang,provide excellent materials for us to have a deep understanding of the actual operation of the permanent Liang Zhang system.In order to release the heavy burden of serving the Liang Zhang problem,the family Shi of Huang Xi adopted the inheritance system of wifes eldest son and through dividing the family into large households and small households to solve the succession of Liang Zhang to balance the weight of taxes and corvée.The various practices to construct the family temple are more or less determined by the connection between the burden of the duty and that of the property,but not the result of pure plebeian patriarchal clan system.With the gradually declining of the Liang Zhang system,the inheritance of wifes eldest son system that family Shi in Huang Xi has implemented for more than a hundred years has lost the reason for its continued existence.
出处
《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期24-35,共12页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
