摘要
近代关于博士学位制度的探索始于清末。民国初期博士学位制度设计集中体现在《学位令(草案)》与《博士会规程(草案)》中。南京国民政府前期教育部与立法院先后形成多版《学位授予法(草案)》,尤其是后者曾拟制专门的《博士学位授予法(草案)》,但考试院与教育部之间的权力博弈导致博士学位制度悬而不决。南京国民政府中后期行政院、教育部与考试院针对《博士学位评定会组织法》与《博士学位考试细则》进行多次协商并逐渐取得共识,中央研究院力主"大学博士"与考试院的"国家博士"主张构成难以调和的新矛盾。考试院负责或参与博士学位事宜不仅违反相关法律而且违背教育规律,成为南京国民政府时期博士学位制度探索失败的根本原因。
In China,the exploration of doctor＇s degree system began in late Qing Dynasty. Doctor＇s degree system was mainly reflected in Drafts of Degree Law and Drafts of Doctoral Degree Evaluation Organization in early Republic of China. In the early stage of Nanjing National Government,Ministry of Education and Legislative Court drew up several versions of Draft Degree Conferment Laws;especially the latter had ever worked out Draft Laws of Doctor＇s Degree Conferment. Due to the power game between Examination Authority and Ministry of Education,doctor＇s degree system was left hanging in the air at that time. In the middle and late stage of Nanjing National Government,Executive Authority,Ministry of Education and Examination Authority negotiated much on the Law of Organization of Evaluation of Doctor＇sDegree and Doctor＇s Degree Examination Law. Thus the differences narrowed,and the consensus reached gradually.However,Academia Sinica＇s ＂University Doctor＂ sharply conflicted with Executive Authority＇s ＂National Doctor＂,and it turned out to be a new contradiction that is too difficult to be solved. The Examination Authority took the responsible for or participated in doctorate matters,which not only violated the relevant laws but also violated the law of education,and which was the fundamental reason for the failure of exploration of doctor＇s degree system in the period of the Nanjing National Government.
作者
刘希伟
Liu Xiwei(College of Teacher Education,Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211)
出处
《教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期130-139,共10页
Educational Research
基金
全国优秀博士学位论文后期资助项目"中国科举考试及其现实观照研究"(项目编号:201409)的研究成果
关键词
高等教育
教育史
中国近代学位制度
博士学位制度
higher education
history of education
degree system in modern China
doctor＇s degree system
