摘要
人人都有审美的需要,但现代都市空间的建设在工具理性的指导下,放弃了以人为本的原则,忽视了人的存在,人的身体成为被规训的、机械的劳作工具。这种对身体的忽视导致了都市空间中充斥着与身体各种感官相关的负审美问题。首先,都市空间成为一个视觉文化的集中展示地,对视觉文化的重视导致建筑的尺度、街道的韵律和城市的色彩都出现了负审美现象;其次,城市的声景与旧时相比发生了很大变化,现代化的都市空间,过度聚集和强大的物的声音压抑并遮蔽了心灵的声音,是对丰富的感觉和知觉的否认,各种噪音以武断的形式减弱、阻止、甚至伤害人类的体验能力,这是一种审美伤害;最后,都市空间中嗅觉、触觉和味觉方面存在的负审美现象也必须引起重视,虽然传统美学认为触觉、嗅觉和味觉是低级感官,但事实上,人对都市空间的审美感受必须依靠所有感官刺激形成的一个统一的场,否则,审美对象就不能给审美主体以整体性的美感。这些问题影响了人们感受性的丰富、协调和完善,所以都市空间不但不能满足人们的审美需要,还造成了审美损伤,影响了人的自由全面发展,阻碍了健康人性的形成。因此,为了解决都市空间中的各种负审美问题,必须从制度层面确保人们享有审美的权利,从思想层面意识到身体对于审美的重要性,从实践层面坚持以生态美学的有机整体性思想为指导,把都市空间建成有地方特色、文化氛围和历史感悟的空间。
People all have certain aesthetic needs.But regrettably,directed by instrumental rationality,the construction of urban space is in no way people-oriented,disregarding the very existence of people.People＇s body is gradually disciplined as a mechanical labor tool,which will bring about negative aesthetics concerning human body in urban space.Firstly,urban space becomes a place which visual culture displays.It is stressing visual culture in urban space that results in negative aesthetics regarding architectural scale,the rhythm of the street and urban color.Secondly,compared with urban soundscape in the old days,great changes have taken place in the aspect of urban soundscape nowadays.Modern urban space due to the voices of excessively cumulate and powerful commodities constrains and obscures the voice of the soul which denies abundant sense perception and consciousness and can be considered as aesthetic harm because various noises arbitrarily weaken,prevent and even damage experience ability of human beings.Finally,it is of great necessity to attach importance to negative aesthetics considering sense of touch,of smell and of taste in urban space.Although traditional aesthetics holds that sense of touch,of smell and of taste are inferior senses,actually,aesthetic feeling of human beings in urban space must depend on a unified field which is composed of stimulation from all senses;otherwise,aesthetic objects can＇t impress aesthetic subjects with the whole aesthetic perception.The negative aesthetics affect the richness,coordination and improvement of human sensitivity.Urban space cannot meet people＇s aesthetic needs and even result in the aesthetic damage which will further prevent the free and all-round development of human beings and the formation of healthy human nature.The problem is supposed to be resolved from the institutional,ideological and practical perspective.Respectively,people＇rights of aesthetics are to be guaranteed,body＇s importance to aesthetics to be fully aware and organic integrated tho
作者
聂鑫琳
Nie Xinlin(The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)
出处
《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期114-119,共6页
Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金项目(13BWW051)
关键词
都市空间
负审美
同质化
审美权利
urban space
negative aesthetics
homogenization
aesthetic right
