摘要
为阐明小麦生理和产量特性对灌浆期干旱胁迫的响应,以周麦18和众麦1号为材料,在正常和干旱处理下,测定了小麦品种的生理指标和单株产量相关性状。结果表明,众麦1号的抗旱特性显著优于周麦18,正常处理下周麦18与众麦1号的各项生理和产量指标均无显著差异,干旱胁迫后2个品种的净光合速率(Pn)分别降低37.86%和27.68%,Fv/Fm分别降低23.15%和15.12%,K点相对可变荧光(Wk)分别升高41.94%和25.31%,J点相对可变荧光(Vj)分别升高54.51%和26.98%,脯氨酸(Pro)含量分别升高19.43%和26.60%,叶绿素a+b含量分别降低30.96%和17.51%,丙二醛(MDA)含量分别升高59.66%和38.52%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别上升15.81%和24.89%,根干质量分别降低37.76%和21.21%,众麦1号的各项生理指标均优于周麦18。灌浆期,干旱胁迫后2个品种的单穗粒数较正常处理分别降低13.52%和7.36%,千粒质量分别降低13.76%和6.04%,单株产量分别降低25.53%和16.16%,单穗粒数和千粒质量的降低是产量降低的原因。综合分析表明,灌浆期干旱胁迫下众麦1号具有更高的渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性、根干质量,这可缓解逆境下小麦受伤害程度,延缓叶绿素降解,维持较高的光合效率,最终获得较高产量,这是其具有优良抗旱特性的主要原因。
In order to explore the response of physiological and yield characters of different winter wheat cultivars to drought stress at grain filling stage,both wheat varieties Zhoumai 18 and Zhongmai No.1 were grown in an auto-rain-shelter,and the physiological and yield characters of the two varieties were measured under normal irrigation and drought treatments.The results showed that Zhongmai No.1 had better tolerance to drought stress.There was no significant difference between Zhoumai 18 and Zhongmai No.1 in the physiological and yield characters under the normal irrigation treatment.After drought treatment,the net photosynthetic rate of Zhoumai 18 and Zhongmai No.1 decreased by 37.86％ and 27.68％,maximum photochemical efficiency decreased by 23.15％ and 15.12％,the relative variable fluorescence values at K point increased by 41.94％ and 25.31％ and at J point increased by 54.51％ and 26.98％,the content of proline increased by 19.43％ and 26.60％,the content of chlorophyll a ＋ b decreased by 30.96％ and 17.51％,the content of malondialdehyde increased by 59.66％ and 38.52％,the activity of superoxide dismutase increased by 15.81％ and 24.89％,dry root weight decreased by 37.76％ and 21.21％,respectively;the grain number per spike decreased by 13.52％ and 7.36％,1 000-grain weight decreased by 13.76％ and 6.04％,and yield per plant decreased by 25.53％ and 16.16％.The decrease of grain number and 1 000-grain weight lead to the yield decline.The physiological and yield characters of Zhongmai No.1 were better than those of Zhoumai 18 under drought treatments.Collectively,under drought stress Zhongmai No.1 has higher content of osmotic adjustment substances,higher antioxidant enzyme activities and dry root weight,thereby reducing the injury to wheat,delaying chlorophyll decomposition,maintaining higher photosynthesis rate,and obtaining higher yield,which is the drought-resistant physiological mechanism of Zhongmai No.1.
作者
李国领
齐学礼
张志强
罗鹏
辛均安
李延峰
史利霞
LI Guoling1, QI Xueli1, ZHANG Zhiqiang1, LUO Peng1, XIN Jun＇an2, LI Yanfeng3, SHI Lixia4(1. Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Scienccs, Zhengzhou 450002 , China;2. Changge Institute of Agricultural Scienccs, Changge 461506, China;3.Seed Administrative Station of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China; 4. Henan Shunxin Seed Limited Company, Zhengzhou 450002, Chin)
出处
《河南农业科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期8-14,共7页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31371707)
关键词
小麦
干旱胁迫
灌浆期
生理特性
产量
Wheat
Drought stress
Grain filling stage
Physiological characters
Yield
