摘要
目的 掌握我国煤尘的职业危害现状,了解我国煤尘作业人员的煤尘职业健康风险,为有效地应对煤工尘肺发病现状提供信息.方法 2015年4月,以煤炭“开采-运输-使用”产业链共33家企业为研究对象,通过现场调查其煤尘暴露水平、防尘措施和职业健康监护等资料,应用国际采矿与金属委员会（International council on mining and metals,ICMM）职业健康风险评估模型中的定量评估（简称ICMM法）和职业危害风险指数法（简称指数法）,以煤工尘肺为健康结局,评估煤炭产业链的煤尘职业健康风险.结果 本次研究显示煤尘中游离二氧化硅含量在部分煤种中超过10％,最高可达19.5％.煤炭开采环节的掘进系统（总尘22.1-46.5 mg/m^3,呼尘8.4-17.7 mg/m^3）、煤炭运输环节的翻车机（总尘25.2mg/m^3,呼尘6.9 mg/m^3）、转接塔（总尘35.4 mg/m^3）和煤炭使用环节的皮带犁煤器（总尘36.3 mg/m^3,呼尘14.0 mg/m^3）等工作场所空气中煤尘浓度远高于其他工作场所,且这些场所煤尘作业人员岗位呼尘浓度（2.6-9.3 mg/m^3）也远高于其他系统的岗位,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.ICMM法评估结果显示,掘进系统风险值504-1 089,综采系统风险值347-2 040,远高于其他系统,差异有统计学意义,与指数法的风险评估结果（掘进系统风险值3.1-9.7,综采系统风险值3.7-9.3）,基本一致（相关系数r=0.857,P＜0.01）.煤工尘肺新发病例均分布在综采和掘进系统的采煤工、掘进工和煤矿混合工3个工种.结论 煤尘危害广泛分布于在煤炭“开采-运输-使用”产业链中,煤矿井下作业职业危害严重.煤尘浓度和煤尘职业健康风险较高的环节均集中于煤炭开采的掘进系统和综采系统.建议加强煤尘健康职业危害风险评估及风险应对研究.
Objective To grasp the present situation of occupational hazards of coal dust in our country,understand our country coal dust workers＇ occupational health risks,provide information based on evidence and analysis for the government and organize to effectively deal with the current status of high coal workers pneumoconiosis incidence in China,and protect coal dust workers＇ occupational health.Methods The research object is the ＂ mining-transportation-use＂ of coal industrial chain,referring to 33 units.Use field investigation to obtain the coal dust exposure,dust prevention measures and the occupational health data of study object.Use quantitative evaluation method of International council on mining and metals occupational health risk assessment model （ICMM method） and occupational hazard risk index method （index method）,with coal workers pneumoconiosis as health outcomes,to evaluate the coal dust occupational health risks of coal industrial chain.Results The free silica content of partial coal dust in China is more than 10%,and even to 19.5%.coal dust concentration in workplaces,such as excavating system of dust coal mining （total dust：22.1- 46.5 mg/m^3,respiratory dust：8.4-17.7 mg/m^3）,dumper （total dust：25.2 mg/m^3,respiratory dust：6.9 mg/m^3）,transfer tower（total dust：35.4 mg/m^3） of coal transportation and belt coal plough device of coal use （total dust：36.3 mg/m^3,respiratory dust：14.0 mg/m^3）,are much higher than those in other workplaces,and coal dust concentration of workers in these places（2.6-9.3 mg/m^3） are much higher than those in other places,which are statistically significant.ICMM method evaluation results show that the risk value of excavating system is between 504-1 089,and the risk value of comprehensive mining system is between 347-2 040,which are far statistically significant higher than that of other systems.Index method evaluation results （excavating system risk value between 3.1-9.7,fully mechanized system risk value between 3.7-9.3）,are
作者
汉锋
陈永青
吴宾
康宁
张思雨
Hart Feng;Chen Yongqing;Wu bin;Kang Ning;Zhang Siyu.(The National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期291-294,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
煤炭产业链
煤尘
职业健康
风险评估
Coal industry chain
Coal dust
Occupational health
Risk assessment.
