摘要
在帕菲特看来,优先论是一种比平等主义更具优势的分配正义理论,其理由是平等主义无法克服向下拉平异议的困境,而优先论不会面临这一困境。帕菲特的这一主张是难以成立的:首先,正确理解的平等主义能够避免向下拉平异议的困境;其次,帕菲特版本的优先论也会面临向下拉平异议的困境;再次,优先论必然面临优先门槛难以设置的困境,而平等主义不会面临这一困境;最后,就优先论的现实意义而言,它实质上是实现平等主义理想的一种有效方式。
It seems to Parfit that prioritarianism is a theory of distributive justice which is more advantageous than egalitarianism.The reason for this is that egalitarianism cannot overcome the dilemma of leveling down objection,while prioritarianism will not face this dilemma.Parfit＇s claim is untenable：first,egalitarianism,if correctly understood,can avoid the dilemma of leveling down objection;secondly,Parfit＇s sense of priority also faces the dilemma of leveling down objection;Next,prioritarianism inevitably faces the dilemma that it is difficult to set the priority threshold,while egalitarianism will not face this dilemma;finally,in terms of the practical significance of prioritarianism,it is essentially an effective way to realize the ideal of equality.
作者
李文
LI Wen(School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)
出处
《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期73-82,共10页
Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目"技术生态临界点的发生机理与防控机制研究"(15AZX005)
关键词
优先论
平等主义
正义
分配正义
prioritarianism
egalitarianism
justice
distributive justice
