摘要
RNA修饰是指发生在RNA上的各种修饰形式。自然界中的RNA修饰广泛存在于A、U、C、G四类核苷酸上,此外,极少的RNA修饰发生在次黄嘌呤核苷(I)上。目前已经在古细菌、细菌、病毒和真核生物中发现超过140种的RNA转录后修饰形式。在各种类型的RNA修饰中,甲基化修饰占到了三分之二,这些修饰广泛存在于各种RNA类型中,包括信使RNA(mRNA)、转运RNA(tRNA)、核糖体RNA(rRNA)、核内小RNA(snRNA)、核仁小RNA(sno RNA)、微小RNA(miRNA)、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、piwi蛋白相互作用的RNA(piRNA)和长非编码RNA(lncRNA)等。现介绍主要的RNA修饰类型,并对其调控蛋白进行归纳总结。
RNA modifications are widely present on A, U, C, and G residues, only few of them exist on I residues. Over 140 types of posttranscriptional RNA modifications have been identified in archaea, bacteria, virus and eukaryotes. Among all of the RNA modifications, methylation accounts for two thirds, and exists in different RNA species including messenger RNA(m RNA), transfer RNA(t RNA), ribosomal RNA(r RNA), small nuclear RNA(sn RNA), small nucleolar RNA(sno RNA), micro RNA(mi RNA), small interfering RNA(si RNA), piwi-interactingRNA(piRNA) and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA). Here, we mainly introduce the types of RNA modifications and their regulatory enzymes.
作者
陈宇晟
杨莹
CHEN Yu-Sheng, YANG Ying(Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, Chin)
出处
《生命科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期391-406,共16页
Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(31500659)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31770872)
中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2018133)