摘要
历史时期塔里木盆地周缘绿洲演化和人类活动与气候控制的水文条件变化密切相关.罗布泊西岸地区是古塔里木河尾闾三角洲区,曾是东西方交往的重要通道和著名的楼兰古国所在地,而如今却变为不毛之地.自然与人文环境的剧烈变化,使罗布泊地区成为研究干旱区人类活动-气候-水文三者之间相互关系最具代表性的区域.文章对楼兰地区大量自然植物遗存和古代人类活动遗址进行系统的AMS 14C年代学分析,结合塔里木盆地人类活动历史记录和已有的高分辨率气候记录,对其所指示的古绿洲环境格局和人类活动进行初步研究.结果表明,1260～1450 cal.A.D.是罗布泊地区自古楼兰之后的又一次绿洲湿润期,在罗布泊西岸三角洲区生长大量的植被,对应中世纪暖期向小冰期转变的过渡阶段.14C年龄的统计结果显示湿润期内存在多次洪水事件,表现为多次洪水期与枯水期脉冲式交替出现.同时多处古代遗址的14C年代结果显示元明时期楼兰地区再次出现人类居住,并修建引水渠、灌溉耕地.气候变化导致区域性水文条件变好应该是驱动元明时期人类再次定居楼兰地区的主要因素.
The oasis evolution and human activity strongly related to hydrological conditions in Tarim Basin,Xinjiang,China,in historic time.The Lop Nur（Loulan） region,southern Xinjiang,was the terminal lake of the Tarim River and the famous ancient Loulan kingdom located on the west bank of the Lake Lop Nur.However,the area has been experienced dramatic changes from oasis to wasteland.In this paper,we conducted systematical radiocarbon dating （AMS 14C） with 30 specimens of subfossil Populus euphratica lying on ancient riverbeds,which may be driftwoods transported by floods or be dead trees grew on both sides of the river,10 specimens of Tamarix chinensis and reed in Yardang area between ancient rivers,and 5 specimens sampled from three archaeological sites（two settlements and an artificial canal）.The statistical characteristics of 14C ages were also analyzed.Finally by compared with historical documents and reported palaeoclimatic records,the relation between oasis environment and human activity was discussed.Results show good consistency between natural plant remains and archaeological sites,corresponding with the Yuan-Ming Dynasty（1271～ 1644 A.D.）.It was found that the difference on age distribution of two aforementioned sources of subfossil P.euphratica is obvious.The presence of three age peaks of P.euphratica,corresponding with our driftwood samples,implies that the Loulan area experienced at least three flood events and re-experienced oasis environment from 1260 cal.A.D.to 1450 cal.A.D.,which is the climate transition stage from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age.Specifically,results show that reed and tamarisk samples appear to be dated to the end of flood events,indicating a decrease in groundwater level during intermittent periods.Therefore,it is concluded that several pulse-like flood event-featured wet-dry alternative cycles constitute the wet period.In the meantime,human re-settled in the Loulan area and built canals to irrigate farmlands.Buried reed layers were found on the artifi
作者
李康康
秦小光
张磊
顾兆炎
许冰
穆桂金
林永崇
魏东
王春雪
吴勇
田小红
吕厚远
吴乃琴
贾红娟
焦迎新
Li Kangkang;Qin Xiaoguang;Zhang Lei;Gu Zhaoyan;Xu Bing;Mu Guijin;Lin Yongchong;Wei Dong;Wang Chunxue;Wu Yong;Tian Xiaohong;Lu Houyuan;Wu Naiqin;Jia Hongjuan;Jiao Yingxin(Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049;, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, OrUmqi 830011, X injiang;J ilin University, C hangchun 130012, J ilin;X injiang Institute of Archaeology, Urumqi 830011, X injiang;Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei;Bureau of Cultural Heritage of Ruoqiang County, Ruoqiang 841800, Xinjiang)
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期720-731,共12页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
科技部国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目“罗布泊地区自然与文化遗产综合科学考察”（批准号：2014FY210500）和国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41372187）共同资助
关键词
罗布泊
楼兰
AMS
^14C
元明绿洲期
人类活动
Lake Lop Nur （Loulan）
plant remains AMS ^14C
oasis
climate change
human activity
