摘要
[目的/意义]资金是智库的"血液"。智库的属性及使命决定了自创建伊始就要面对筹集资金的难题。经费来源渠道取决于特定的政治体制、法律环境、决策机制等宏观背景,同时又不可避免地影响智库研究态度的倾向性。研究美国智库繁荣的筹资市场及其潜在风险将为中国特色新型智库的建设和运营提供宝贵经验。[方法/过程]当前筹资环境的变化,使智库面临收入碎片化、资金规模收缩、资金与项目绑定、捐受双方利益交换等多重挑战。通过网络调研法、文献研究法,分析美国智库资金筹措机制,探讨智库融资市场繁荣活跃的制度文化原因,以及智库一旦被资本俘获的代价。[结果/结论]蓬勃发展的智库筹资市场是美国智库在政策共同体中百花齐放的强大资本推手。智库要从长计议,在"影响力"和"可信度"之间做好权衡。既要在资本争夺战中捷足先登,又要避免被捐赠方的政治诉求或商业利益俘获,确保各方对研究可靠性的认同,维护长期影响力。
[Purpose/Significance]Fund is like the blood of think-tanks. Because of their attributes and mission,think-tanks have to confront the challenge of raising funds since establishment. The sources of funding result from macro-environmental factors,such as political system,legal environment,decision-making mechanism. Meanwhile,funding inevitably affects the tendency of their viewpoint. The research on the prosperity and potential risks of American think-tanks funding market will provide valuable experience for the construction and operation of newthink tanks with Chinese characteristic.[Method/Process]The current change of funding environment brought think-tanks multiple challenges. Less financial support,fragmented and project-binding sources troubled think-tanks. With the method of online research and literature research,we analyze the funding mechanism of American think-tanks,and discuss the prosperous reasons of think-tanks funding market from the institutional and cultural perspectives. Also,we reflect on the cost once think-tanks were captured by capital.[Results/Conclusion]Like all flowers bloom together,American think-tanks flourishing in policy community benefits from the great capital driver--the booming funding markets. Think-tanks should make trade-offs between ＂ influence＂ and ＂ credibility＂ in the long run,on one hand,keep on top of capital battle,on the other hand,avoid being captured by the donors for political demands or business interests,to make sure the study is generally accepted for long-term influence.
作者
张旭
Zhang Xu(School of Economic and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804)
出处
《情报杂志》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期6-12,5,共8页
Journal of Intelligence
关键词
美国智库
筹资机制
独立性
资本力量
U.S. think-tanks
funding mechanisms
independence
capital strength
