摘要
侵权法主要保护既存利益,合同法主要保护将来利益。违约责任主要是因为一方没有使另一方变得更好时承担的责任,侵权责任主要是因为一方使另一方变得更差时承担的责任。但凡既存利益遭受侵害时,均存在侵权法调整的可能性。侵权法的主要规范都是以既存利益的调整为假想而设计的,合同法则主要是以将来利益的调整为假想而设计的。医疗损害,主要是既存利益而不是将来利益受到了侵害,属于一方使另一方变得更差而不是没有使另一方变得更好而承担的责任。医疗合同具有标的特殊性、强制缔约性、内容法定性、权利义务伦理性以及义务的手段性等特点,使其徒具合同之名,不具合同之实。在医疗合同中认定违约就是在认定侵权责任中的过错。医疗损害赔偿,名义上是在合同之内展开,实际上是侵权法的延伸。在未来的我国民法典中,应当继续延续目前的立法模式,将医疗纠纷规范置于侵权责任编。
： The tort law mainly protects the pre-existing interest and the contract law mainly protects the expectation interest. The liability for breach of contract is mainly due to the fact that one party does not make the other party better. The tort liability is mainly due to the fact that one party makes the other party worse. When the pre-existing interest is infringed upon, the possibility of applying tort law exists. The main norms of tort law are designed for adjusting the pre-existing interest, while the contract law is designed mainly for adjusting the expectation interest. In the case of medical malpractice, it is mainly the pre-existing interest rather than the expectation interest that is infringed upon and the liability is due to the fact that one party makes the other party worse other than the fact that one party does not make the other party better. The medical contract has such characteristics as the specificity of subject matter of the contract, the manda- tory contracting, the content legality, the ethics of rights and obligations, and the instrumentality of obliga- tions, so it only enjoys the name of a contract but not a real contract. To determinate the breach of a medi- cal contract is to determinate the fault in the tort liability. Medical malpractice damages are discussed within the contract, but it is actually an extension of tort law. In the future civil code of China, the current legisla- tive model should be continued that the norms on medical disputes are set out in the Tort Liability Volume.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期18-26,共9页
Political Science and Law
关键词
医疗损害
既存利益
将来利益
规范途径
： Medical Malpractice
Pre-existing Interest
Expectation Interest
Regulation Approach
