摘要
小胶质细胞是一类广泛分布于中枢神经系统(CNS)的免疫细胞,其数量占整个神经胶质细胞数量的5%~20%。小胶质细胞最早由Hortega通过碳酸银法所区分鉴定出来,认为小胶质细胞来源于中胚层,在胚胎发育后期形成血管时侵入脑内。最新研究表明,小胶质细胞来源于卵黄囊原始巨噬细胞。小胶质细胞作为CNS常驻免疫细胞,属于单核巨噬细胞系,是CNS抵御病原入侵的一道重要的免疫防线。静息状态下,小胶质细胞对神经系统起到监视维持内稳态的作用;其活化后,一方面起到吞噬细胞碎片的作用,另一方面在不同病理条件下分泌不同的细胞因子起到神经保护与神经毒性双重作用。本文对小胶质细胞的发育及在CNS中的作用予以综述。
Microglia are a type of immune cells and widely distributed in the central nervous system（CNS）, accounting for about 5% to 20% of the total number of glial cells. Microglia were first identified by Hortega using the silver carbonate method. It is believed that microglia originate from the mesoderm and invade the brain during the formation of blood vessels in the late embryonic development. Recent research shows that microglia are derived from yolk sac-derived macrophages. As a resident immune cell of the CNS, microglia belong to the monocyte-macrophage cell line and are an important immunological defense against the invasion of pathogens. The resting microglia play a role in monitoring the nervous system to maintain the homeostasis. The activated microglia play a role in phagocytosis of cell debris and have neuroprotective and neurotoxic dual roles under different pathological conditions by secreting different cytokines.
作者
李忠秋
焦建伟
LI Zhong-qiu;JIAO Jian-wei(Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
出处
《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第11期1050-1056,共7页
Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology
基金
国家自然科学基金(31730033)~~
