摘要
提出一种稻谷霉变判定方法——真菌孢子计数法。本研究借助扫描电镜观察方法,从微观角度对稻谷霉变判别进行研究,建立稻谷霉变与真菌孢子计数检测结果之间的关系,为稻谷霉变快速检测提供判定依据。对实仓采集稻谷样品进行真菌孢子检测,选取真菌孢子检出水平分别在0~5.0×10~4、1.0~5.0×10~5、1.0~5.0×10~6个/g稻谷样品,在每个检出水平中随机选取稻谷籽粒,对其稻壳、糙米以及精米进行扫描电镜观察。观察结果表明,糙米表面真菌孢子菌丝分布密度与原粮真菌孢子检出水平呈正相关,孢子数在0~5.0×10~4个/g水平时,稻壳和米表面几乎无法找到真菌孢子及菌丝,1.0~5.0×10~5个/g水平时,稻壳和糙米的胚乳及胚部零星分布真菌孢子和菌丝,而在1.0~5.0×10~6个/g水平时,稻壳和糙米籽粒表面真菌孢子和菌丝分布密集,分生孢子梗特征结构清晰可见。经过机械砻谷碾磨加工后得到一级大米,去除胚芽后裸露的胚部淀粉颗粒,受霉菌生长程度影响,粒径大小存在明显差异。真菌孢子检出在1.0~5.0×10~5个/g水平时,稻谷籽粒可判定为已经开始霉变。
This work reports a determination method of fungal spoilage of stored paddy--detecting fungal spores. The relationship between fungal spoilage and the spores was established from the view of microcosmic by scanning electron microscopy to provide a judgment basis for rapid determination of fungal spoilage of stored paddy. After detecting the fungal spores of stored paddy from granary, the samples were selected from 0 -5.0 × 104, 1.0 -5.0 × 105, 1.0 - 5.0 × 106/g rice samples, respectively. The rice grains were randomly selected from each level, and the rice husk, brown rice and polished rice from different levels were scanned by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the distribution density of fungal spores in brown rice was positively correlated with the level of spore detec- tion in rice grains. When the number of spores was at the level of 0 -5.0 × 104/g, the surface of rice husk and brown rice was almost impossible to find fungal spores and hyphae. When at the level of 1.0 - 5.0 ×105, fungal spores and hyphae were sporadically distributed in the endosperm and embryo. When at the level of 1.0 -5.0× 106,/g, they were densely distributed, and the characteristic structures of conidia were clearly visible. After the mechanical rice milling, the starch granules size in the embryo of the polishing rice affected by fungal growth was significantly different. It can be concluded that, when the fungal spores are detected at the level of 1.0 -5.0 × 105/g, the rice grains start mildew.
作者
唐芳
欧阳毅
祁智慧
Tang Fang;Ouyang;Yi Qi;Zhihui(The Academy of Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037)
出处
《中国粮油学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期122-126,共5页
Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association
基金
2016年重点研发计划食品专项(2016YFD0401003-2)
关键词
稻谷
霉变判定
真菌孢子检测
扫描电镜观察
paddy, determination ofmildewing, detecting the fungal spores, Scanning electron microscope
