摘要
涌潮是在涨潮过程中潮波向上游方向行进的水跃现象,广泛存在于潮差大、平面上呈喇叭状的河口地区。研究涌潮沉积对了解河口湾区域的古气候、古环境、古地貌具有重要意义,且现代沉积研究表明涌潮沉积形成的砂体具备形成优良油气储层的潜力。然而一直以来关于涌潮的研究主要集中在其水力学特征以及对河口生态、工程造成的影响等方面,对涌潮沉积却涉及甚少。在对近年来国内外关于涌潮沉积研究的有代表性的论著综合分析基础上,从涌潮沉积构造、粒度分布、沉积模式等方面论述了涌潮沉积的鉴别标志,探讨目前研究中存在的主要问题,认为后期研究应综合多种研究手段对涌潮沉积模式进行完善,加强涌潮沉积砂体成岩作用及储层特征研究。旨在引起人们对涌潮沉积研究的重视,为涌潮沉积未来的研究提供方向。
Tidal bore is hydraulic jump during the process of tide flooding with the tide wave moving upstream. They are widely distributed in the estuary zone with high tidal range and funnel-shaped planeform. Tidal bore deposit study is important for further understanding about paleogeomorphology, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate of areas near the estuaries, and sandbody formed by tidal bore deposit could be potential oil and gas reservoir. Researches a- bout tidal bore have been always concentrated on hydraulic characteristics of tidal bore and its influences on estuary environment and engineering, while the study on tidal bore deposit is rarely reported. One of the most important causes is the complex hydrodynamic conditions in the estuary zone. Deposits characteristics is complicated in this zone due to comprehensive effects of river flow, waves and tides. It is hard to affirm the preservation probability of tidal bore deposits, especially in the ancient rock record. In view of this, current status and forecast about tidal- bore deposit study were expounded in this study based on comprehensive summary and discussion about typical tidal bore deposit data and reports. Criteria for recognition of tidal-bore deposits were described in detail on the aspects of sedimentary structures, grain size distribution, and facies model. One of the most critical diagnostic marks of tidal bore was a special undulating erosion surface with a series of irregular and stepped excavations on it. This surface was formed by cyclic pressure loading induced by the passage of a tidal bore. In addition, the cross-bedding inclined upstream, soft sediment deformation structures and massive sandstone on the erosion surface were also important marks of a tidal bore deposit. Problems existing in current research were discussed and some suggestions were proposed. Various methods and technology should be used to perfect tidal bore facies model, and research on diagenesis and reservoir features of sandbody formed by tidal bore should be strengthened in the
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期66-74,共9页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家重大科技专项项目"深层优势储层沉积成因机制及地质预测技术"(编号:2016ZX05027-002-007)
国家自然科学基金项目"珠江口盆地渐新世-中新世潮汐沉积与潮汐周期研究"(编号:41302096)资助~~
关键词
涌潮沉积
识别标志
沉积模式
古环境
油气勘探
Tidal bore deposit
Diagnostic marks
Facies model
Paleoenvironment
Oil and gas exploration.
