摘要
潮汐沉积不仅是重建古地理沉积环境和古气候的重要依据,而且同时也是油气勘探的重要储集层类型。在月球和太阳的引力作用下,地球上海平面发生周期性涨落形成潮流。潮流的方向和流速具有周期性变化的特征,这决定潮流在沉积物的搬运和沉积过程中与其他类型的流体有所不同。潮汐作用过程可形成多种沉积构造或沉积特征,例如潮汐韵律层、过渡性层理、潮汐束、再作用面、复合交错层理、双向交错层理、双黏土层、浮泥沉积等。这些沉积构造或沉积特征发育在不同的潮汐沉积环境中,受到复杂的潮汐沉积过程的控制,使得沉积体系的内部构型和空间分布相对复杂。在油气勘探实践中,需要对沉积微相进行精细刻画,通过岩石记录反推沉积过程,进而预测相应的沉积微相和砂体展布规律。作者通对潮汐形成机制和影响因素、潮汐搬运和沉积过程、潮汐作用相关的沉积构造或特征以及相应的沉积环境进行梳理和总结,旨在加深国内学者对潮汐沉积的认识,了解潮汐沉积的研究进展,并为相关油气勘探和开发提供一定的科学指导。
Tidal deposits not only play a significant role in reconstruction of palaeogeographic sedimentary environments and palaeoclimate,but also are important reservoirs in oil and gas exploration.Tides,characterized by periodic fluctuations in the water level accompanied by horizontal water flows,arise from the gravitational attractions between the Earth,Moon,and Sun.Tidal currents exhibit distinctive characteristics compared to other currents,as they show systematic changes in flow direction and velocity with intervening slack-water periods within each tidal cycle.The characteristic features of tidal currents have a profound influence on sediment transport and depositional processes.Tidal processes can form a variety of sedimentary structures or features,including tidal rhythmites,flaser-wavy-lenticular bedding,tidal bundles,reactivation surfaces,compound cross bedding,bidirectional cross bedding,double mud drapes,fluid mud deposits,etc.These sedimentary structures or features occur in various tidal depositional environments and are controlled by tidal depositional processes,resulting in complex stratigraphic architectures within the depositional systems.In oil and gas exploration,it is crucial to conduct detailed characterization of the rock record and infer associated sedimentary processes in order to enhance predictions regarding the distribution of corresponding sedimentary facies and main sandbodies.This paper provides a comprehensive review of tide generation with controlling factors,tidal depositional processes,sedimentary structures,and their depositional environments.The aim is to improve understanding of recent research progress in tidal depositional systems and offer scientific guidance for oil and gas exploration and development.
作者
彭旸
Ronald J.Steel
龚承林
魏小洁
盛莉娜
PENG Yang;STEEL J.Ronald;GONG Chenglin;WEI Xiaojie;SHENG Lina(National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Jackson School of Geosciences,The University of Texas at Austin,Austin,Texas 78712,USA;Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《古地理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1069-1089,共21页
Journal of Palaeogeography：Chinese Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:42202107)
中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目(编号:2462021BJRC002)共同资助。
关键词
潮汐
沉积过程
沉积构造
三角洲
河口湾
潮坪
tide
depositional process
sedimentary structure
delta
estuary
tidal flat
