摘要
【目的】对1986—2015年由四川育种单位选育并通过四川省和农业部审定的总计436个杂交籼稻品种进行统计分析,明确产量构成因素演进与适应机插栽培的趋势,为今后四川杂交籼稻品种培育、栽培技术优化创新提供参考。【方法】利用来源于国家水稻数据中心的品种数据,采用统计学方法分析了产量构成因素和机插适应性的演进特点。【结果】近30年通过审定的四川杂交籼稻品种产量随年份呈上升趋势,但上升缓慢,增产幅度多为4%~6%,高产或超高产的品种少。年际间波动幅度大,其中共有12年未达平均值,2009年后波动减缓。每穗颖花数、千粒重、穗长、生育期随年份递进有所提高,而有效穗、结实率表现为下降趋势。以早熟高产为适宜机插,以迟熟高产为次适宜机插作为机插适应性筛选标准,筛选出适宜和次适宜机插的品种主要集中在2000年以后,并呈快速增加的趋势。【结论】四川杂交籼稻品种的演进趋势是大穗、高产,适应机插的能力越来越强,但需提高结实率,缩短生育期。
【Objective】The objective of the study was to clarify the evolution characteristics of the yield components and the trend of machine-transplanted cultivation adaptability of 436 indica hybrid rice varieties,which developed by Sichuan Province and registered by Sichuan Provincial Crop Variety Ap-praisal Committee and the National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee from 1986 to 2015. The aims of the study were to provide reference for the breeding,the optimization and innovation of cultivation of indica hybrid rice in Sichuan province in the future.【Method】Based on the data of the national rice data center,the evolution characteristics of the yield components and machine-transplanted cultivation adaptability were analyzed by statistical method.【Results】The yield of indica hybrid rice varieties in Sichuan in the past 30 years showed an upward trend,but the increase trend was slow. Meanwhile,the increased yield amplitude was 4% to 6%,and the varieties of high yield or super high yield was less.The inter-annual volatility of yield was large,but it was a slowdown after 2009. There was a total of 12 years which yield did not reach the average during 1986—2015. The number of spikelet,1 000-kernel weight,ear length and growth period showed an upward trend,while the effective panicle and seed setting rate showed a decreasing trend with the progress of year during 1986—2015. Besides,there was a screening criteria that the early-maturing and high-yielding varieties were suitable for the machine-transplanted cultivation and the late-maturing and high-yielding varieties were sub-suitable. Based on the screening criteria,the selection of suitable and sub-suitable varieties was mainly concentrated after 2000,and showed a rapid increase trend.【Conclusion】The trend of indica hybrid rice varieties in Sichuan includes large spike,high yield and strong adaptability of machined-transplanting cultivation,but it also needs to be further improved the seed setting rate and shortened the growth period.
出处
《四川农业大学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期7-14,共8页
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
基金
国家粮食丰产增效科技创新专项课题(2016YFD0300506
2017YFD0301702)
四川省育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0051)
关键词
杂交籼稻
产量构成因素
机插栽培
适应性
indica hybrid rice
yield components
machined-transplanting cultivation
adaptability
