摘要
数控机床是用计算机能识别的机床代码、坐标和数字经译码处理来控制刀具和工件的相对运动,数控机床的坐标关系到机床是否能按图样要求加工出符合图样的工件,因此,将坐标快速准确地输入到机床的计算机中,不仅能提高加工质量,而且能减少工时,提高生产效率。在手工编制程序的过程中,当遇到图样尺寸是以半径和角度标注的零件或遇到圆周分布的孔类零件的情况时,若采用直角坐标编程,坐标点的计算较复杂,且容易出错;而采用半径和角度的极坐标编程,就可直接输入极坐标,大大减少了编程时的计算工作量,从而使编程大大简化,编程的周期大大缩短,数控加工的效率得到提高。但在实际操作中,当遇到需要用相对极坐标进行编程加工的零件时,各类参考资料,包括机床说明书,却没有详尽的编程方法,只能通过在机床上反复实践,总结出用相对极坐标编制程序的方法,这样编制的程序更简捷、更有效,值得在数控铣床和加工中心中推广。
The working mechanism of Computer Numerical Control （CNC） is to control the relative motion between the cutter and the product with decoded machine programs, coordinates and numbers recognizable by computer. The accuracy of coordinates of the CNC machine tool decides whether the machine can accurately process the product according to the blueprints. Therefore, in- putting the coordinates fast and accurately can greatly improve production efficiency by improving the processing quality and re- ducing working hours. During the manual programming process, if cartesian coordinates programming is applied when the blue- prints＇ scale is marked by radius and angle or when there are circularly distributed holes on the component products, error rate increases as the coordinates＇ computational complexity increases. However, if polar coordinate programming is applied, the com- putational complexity can be greatly reduced by directly inputting the polar coordinates. Therefore, the programming process is simplified and the programming cycle is shortened, which improves the CNC＇ s work efficiency. But in practice, there has been no adequately detailed programming instructions found in all kinds of resources including machine instructions. The simpler and more effective program compiled after repeated practicing on machine tools and concluding effective programming method for polar coordinates is worth spreading in the CNC milling machine and processing-center.
出处
《现代制造工程》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期83-86,共4页
Modern Manufacturing Engineering
关键词
数控机床
数控编程
直角坐标
极坐标编程
相对极坐标编程
CNC machine tools
CNC programming
rectangular coordinates
polar programming
relative polar programming
