摘要
大汶口文化流行以獐牙随葬和拔牙的习俗。以獐牙随葬的习俗出现于大汶口文化早期,到中、晚期有逐渐增多的趋势。除了以獐牙随葬外,还随葬一种由獐牙制作而成的钩形器。拔牙习俗出现于大汶口文化早期,中、晚期在鲁中南地区的大汶口遗址中仍然流行。拔牙的形式极为统一,均为拔除上颌两颗侧门牙。拔牙和以獐牙随葬的习俗主要流行于汶泗流域的遗址中,分布地域相同,其他地区发现很少。这两种习俗在大汶口文化时期较为兴盛,到龙山时期几乎消失不见。可能源自大汶口先民对獐的图腾崇拜,拔掉上侧门齿以模仿獐的样子,生前随身携带獐牙制作的勾形器,死后随葬獐牙,均是图腾崇拜的反映。
The customs of water deer teeth burialandof tooth extraction were both commonly practised in Dawenkou Culture. The practice of water deer teeth burial firstly appeared in the early stage of Dawenkou Culture and grew into popularity in the middle and late Dawenkou stages. In addition to water deer teeth, what was buried with the deceased included also a type of hook-shaped artefacts made of water deer teeth. The tooth extraction custom appeared in the early Dawenkou period and remained to be practised in the central and southern part of Shandong in later Dawenkou periods. It was always practised with the removal of two maxillary lateral incisors. Tooth extraction and water deer burial were mostly seen at sites located in theWenand Si rivers valleys, rarely seen in other regions. Both customs flourished during the Dawenkou Culture and disappeared during the Longshan Culture.They were probably derived from the worship of water deer totem; Removing the upper incisors to imitate water deer, carrying about hook-shaped artefacts made of water deer teeth, and buried with water deer teeth after death are all reflections of water deer totem worship.
出处
《东南文化》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期81-87,共7页
Southeast Culture
关键词
大汶口文化
獐牙
拔牙习俗
图腾崇拜
Dawenkou Culture
water deer teeth
custom of tooth extraction
totem worship
